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Medical microbiology > Diagnostic Mycology > Flashcards

Diagnostic Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Things to look for in initial diagnosis

A

Gross description of lesion
(Color, morphology, texture)
History
Duration of lesion

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2
Q

T or F: fungal infx are always chronic

A

True

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3
Q

T or F: fungal inf. Can be episodic

A

True

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4
Q

What indicates presence of microorganism and are important sources of the sample

A

Lesions

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5
Q

Methods of specimen collxn

A

Swabbing, scraping, extracting, aspirating

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6
Q

T or F: nails can be a source for specimen collxn in superficial

A

False, skin and hair only. Cutaneous pweds

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7
Q

Source of specimen collxn for subcutaneous mycoses

A

Biopsy material
Skin scales
Granules

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8
Q

Transmission of systemic/opportunistic infxns

A

Inhalation

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9
Q

Sources of SYSTEMIC/OPPORTUNISTIC infxn

A

Abscess
Blood
CSF
sputum

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10
Q

Why do we obtain sputum sample for systemic infxn?

A

It produces mucus

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11
Q

Why do we get blood and CSF for systemic

A

It spreads throughout the body

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12
Q

What is added on dry skin scales for direct microscopy?

A

Water or NSS

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13
Q

What is used as a mounting medium to dissolve host tissues, proteins, and etc. the organism is resistant to this.

A

KOH

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14
Q

Stains used since organisms are colorless

A

Lactophenol Cotton Blue
Periodic Acid Schiff
Gomori Methanamine Silver
Mucicarmine

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15
Q

Agar with protein and sugar and is acidic ro prevent other organisms usually used for clinical specimens

A

Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar

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16
Q

Medium if it is from human hosts

A

Rich in protein to emulate tissues

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17
Q

Medium if it is from plants, soil, inanimate objects

A

Not protein based (i.e.: PDA, Malt Extract Agar)

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18
Q

Gross characteristics of culture

A

Color, texture, margin, mold or yeast form

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19
Q

Biochemical tests are used for

A

Enzymes acting on different substrates

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20
Q

Present in serum if infxn is IMMEDIATE

A

Antibodies

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21
Q

Most pathogenic fungi are exogenous

A

True

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22
Q

Also known as an-an or pityriasis versicolor which is a chronic mild superficial infection of the stratum corneum

A

Tinea (ringworm)

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23
Q

What causes ringworm?

A

Malasezzia furfur

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24
Q

True or false: in white skinned patients tinea lesions are hypopigmented?

A

False. Hyper

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25
T or F: tinea corporis lesions are described as serpiginous with raised edges and central clearing
False, tinea lesions
26
T or F: Tinea lesion specimens are obtained in the central region
False, central region= healing and origin, peripheral dapat
27
How do you do skin scrapings?
Use 70% alcohol/iodine and let it dry
28
It is caused by fungi that infect only the keratinized tissues. Most important= dermatophytes
Cutaneous mycoses
29
It is also known as buni and involves several lesions spread by self-inoculation
Tinea corporis
30
Specimen collected for tinea corporis
Skin scales
31
Ring-like lesion of the scalp and hair characterized by dull gray circular patches of alopecia, scaling and itching due to fungi axn to keratin
Tinea capitis *also exhibits serpiginous
32
Milder immunogens from a human source that will cause milder alarms to the immune system transmitted through fomites and direct contact
Anthropophilic dermatophytes
33
The spores within the hairshaft of anthropophilic dermatophytes are called
Endothrix
34
More antigenic agents from non-human sources and causes erythema and accumulation of fluid
Zoophilic/Geophilic dermatophytes
35
Spores of g/z dermatophytes that form a sheath around the hair shaft
ECTOTHRIX
36
T or F: ectothrix do not exhibit fluorescence
False, it does, green light under woodlamp, | Endothrix is the one that doesnt fluoresce
37
Specimen collected for TINEA CAPITIS
Skin scrapings and hair stubs
38
T or F: Most hair stubs with fluorescence are because of nonhuman organisms
True
39
Most prevalent of all dermatophytes also known as athletes foot and alipunga
Tinea pedis
40
Common manifestation of tinea pedis
Chronic infxn of toe web, itching between toes and development of vesicles
41
Source of tinea pedis
Anthro and zoo/geo
42
Methods used to kill fungi
drying, boiling, heat, UV light, hydrogen peroxide and disinfectants
43
Also known as onchomycosis, fungal infection of the nails caused by t. Rubrum (same as tinea barbae)
Tinea unguium *specimen collected: Nails, skin scale, debris underneath the nails
44
Subcutaneous mycoses
Sporothricosis Chromoblastomycosis Mycetoma
45
Chronic granulomatous infxn caused by Sporothrix schenkii characterized by DIFFERENT STAGES of skin lesions following the lymphatic channel and asteroid bodies
Sporothricosis
46
Specimens for sporotrichosis
- Aspirate - Pus from granulomatous or ulcerative lesions - Biopsy material (H&E stain) - Scraped edges
47
Chronic infection characterized by slow development of progressive granulomatous lesions that in time produce hyperplasia of the epidermis caused by Fonseceae pedrosis and claphialophora carionii
Chromoblastomycosis
48
T or F: chromoblastomycosis is usually caused by anthropophilic dermatophytes
False
49
Chromoblastomycosis usually exhbits
Skin Hyperplasia Circumscribed, barnacle-like, cauliflower-like, mushroom-like, thickening of the skin, elevated lesion with/out pus Hyperkeratosis
50
Specimen used for chromoblastomycosis
Pus and biopsy material (sclera-like with brown fission bodies)
51
Truly virulent subcutaneous mycoses caused by Madurella mycetomatis characterized by Scaly, dry, yellow crust with fissures where granules and pus drain out
Mycetoma
52
Mycetoma granules
may be spores or fungi could be soft or hard different pigmentation (yellow, brown, white, pink, red, black) * green=maybe pseudomonas * specimen: biopsy material and pus
53
Truly virulent mycoses placed in LPCB in a biosafety cabinet
Systemic mycoses
54
Pathogenesis of systemic mycoses
Inhalation> blood dissemination > skin eruption > primary lesion in lungs > other parts of body
55
Symptoms of systemic mycoses
``` Early Rash Lesion in lungs that mimic TB Skin Lesion Abscess Fluid-filled lesion -Fluid can be aspirated and used in specimen -One must first rule out dermatophytes or subcutaneous mycosis Toe lesion -Usually Coccidioidomycosis Meningitis -Usually Cryptococcus neoformans Osteomyelitis Wrist mass (mass=fungi) ```
56
Makes the cultured fungi very infective
Arthrospores *when inhaled=coccidiomycosis
57
How do you test if the fungi is monomorphic or dimorphic
Test with room temperature and body temp
58
Stains used for systemic mycoses
LPCB (for cultured organisms) | PAS (for urine)
59
Spherical structure enclosing sphores that is 20-100 micrometers, results to LUMPY skin if many (elephant man)
Spherule
60
Opportunistic mycoses
``` Candida* Cryptococcus Geotrichum Aspergillus* Rhizopus Mucor Pneumocystis ``` *albicans and fumigatus: most common pathogens
61
T or F: Yeast form is the pathologic condition of opportunistic pathogens
False, hyphal elements or pseudohyphal formation
62
Opportunistic pathogen which causes most diverse type of diseases (superficial-systemic)
Candida
63
Lesions are characterized by white patches found in oral mucosa, genitourinary tract, butt area of babies
Candidiasis
64
White flecks or patches in the covering tongue and mouth, Fairly common in newborns, immunocompromised patients
Oral thrush/candidiasis
65
Inflammation of folds of skin surrounding the nail involving the cuticle (usually due to contaminated water)
Candida paronychia
66
How to observe budding formation of candidiasis
Inoculate fungi in serum > Incubate for 3 hours > Stain with PAS > View under a microscope (Pseudomycelium or pseudohyphae formation seen)

Medical microbiology (14 decks)

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