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Medical microbiology > Diagnostic Mycology > Flashcards

Diagnostic Mycology Flashcards

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1
Q

Things to look for in initial diagnosis

A

Gross description of lesion
(Color, morphology, texture)
History
Duration of lesion

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2
Q

T or F: fungal infx are always chronic

A

True

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3
Q

T or F: fungal inf. Can be episodic

A

True

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4
Q

What indicates presence of microorganism and are important sources of the sample

A

Lesions

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5
Q

Methods of specimen collxn

A

Swabbing, scraping, extracting, aspirating

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6
Q

T or F: nails can be a source for specimen collxn in superficial

A

False, skin and hair only. Cutaneous pweds

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7
Q

Source of specimen collxn for subcutaneous mycoses

A

Biopsy material
Skin scales
Granules

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8
Q

Transmission of systemic/opportunistic infxns

A

Inhalation

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9
Q

Sources of SYSTEMIC/OPPORTUNISTIC infxn

A

Abscess
Blood
CSF
sputum

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10
Q

Why do we obtain sputum sample for systemic infxn?

A

It produces mucus

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11
Q

Why do we get blood and CSF for systemic

A

It spreads throughout the body

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12
Q

What is added on dry skin scales for direct microscopy?

A

Water or NSS

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13
Q

What is used as a mounting medium to dissolve host tissues, proteins, and etc. the organism is resistant to this.

A

KOH

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14
Q

Stains used since organisms are colorless

A

Lactophenol Cotton Blue
Periodic Acid Schiff
Gomori Methanamine Silver
Mucicarmine

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15
Q

Agar with protein and sugar and is acidic ro prevent other organisms usually used for clinical specimens

A

Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar

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16
Q

Medium if it is from human hosts

A

Rich in protein to emulate tissues

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17
Q

Medium if it is from plants, soil, inanimate objects

A

Not protein based (i.e.: PDA, Malt Extract Agar)

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18
Q

Gross characteristics of culture

A

Color, texture, margin, mold or yeast form

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19
Q

Biochemical tests are used for

A

Enzymes acting on different substrates

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20
Q

Present in serum if infxn is IMMEDIATE

A

Antibodies

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21
Q

Most pathogenic fungi are exogenous

A

True

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22
Q

Also known as an-an or pityriasis versicolor which is a chronic mild superficial infection of the stratum corneum

A

Tinea (ringworm)

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23
Q

What causes ringworm?

A

Malasezzia furfur

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24
Q

True or false: in white skinned patients tinea lesions are hypopigmented?

A

False. Hyper

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25
Q

T or F: tinea corporis lesions are described as serpiginous with raised edges and central clearing

A

False, tinea lesions

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26
Q

T or F: Tinea lesion specimens are obtained in the central region

A

False, central region= healing and origin, peripheral dapat

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27
Q

How do you do skin scrapings?

A

Use 70% alcohol/iodine and let it dry

28
Q

It is caused by fungi that infect only the keratinized tissues. Most important= dermatophytes

A

Cutaneous mycoses

29
Q

It is also known as buni and involves several lesions spread by self-inoculation

A

Tinea corporis

30
Q

Specimen collected for tinea corporis

A

Skin scales

31
Q

Ring-like lesion of the scalp and hair characterized by dull gray circular patches of alopecia, scaling and itching due to fungi axn to keratin

A

Tinea capitis

*also exhibits serpiginous

32
Q

Milder immunogens from a human source that will cause milder alarms to the immune system transmitted through fomites and direct contact

A

Anthropophilic dermatophytes

33
Q

The spores within the hairshaft of anthropophilic dermatophytes are called

A

Endothrix

34
Q

More antigenic agents from non-human sources and causes erythema and accumulation of fluid

A

Zoophilic/Geophilic dermatophytes

35
Q

Spores of g/z dermatophytes that form a sheath around the hair shaft

A

ECTOTHRIX

36
Q

T or F: ectothrix do not exhibit fluorescence

A

False, it does, green light under woodlamp,

Endothrix is the one that doesnt fluoresce

37
Q

Specimen collected for TINEA CAPITIS

A

Skin scrapings and hair stubs

38
Q

T or F: Most hair stubs with fluorescence are because of nonhuman organisms

A

True

39
Q

Most prevalent of all dermatophytes also known as athletes foot and alipunga

A

Tinea pedis

40
Q

Common manifestation of tinea pedis

A

Chronic infxn of toe web, itching between toes and development of vesicles

41
Q

Source of tinea pedis

A

Anthro and zoo/geo

42
Q

Methods used to kill fungi

A

drying, boiling, heat, UV light, hydrogen peroxide and disinfectants

43
Q

Also known as onchomycosis, fungal infection of the nails caused by t. Rubrum (same as tinea barbae)

A

Tinea unguium

*specimen collected: Nails, skin scale, debris underneath the nails

44
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses

A

Sporothricosis
Chromoblastomycosis
Mycetoma

45
Q

Chronic granulomatous infxn caused by Sporothrix schenkii characterized by DIFFERENT STAGES of skin lesions following the lymphatic channel and asteroid bodies

A

Sporothricosis

46
Q

Specimens for sporotrichosis

A
  • Aspirate
  • Pus from granulomatous or ulcerative lesions
  • Biopsy material (H&E stain)
  • Scraped edges
47
Q

Chronic infection characterized by slow development of progressive granulomatous lesions that in time produce hyperplasia of the epidermis caused by Fonseceae pedrosis and claphialophora carionii

A

Chromoblastomycosis

48
Q

T or F: chromoblastomycosis is usually caused by anthropophilic dermatophytes

A

False

49
Q

Chromoblastomycosis usually exhbits

A

Skin Hyperplasia
Circumscribed, barnacle-like, cauliflower-like, mushroom-like, thickening of the skin, elevated lesion with/out pus
Hyperkeratosis

50
Q

Specimen used for chromoblastomycosis

A

Pus and biopsy material (sclera-like with brown fission bodies)

51
Q

Truly virulent subcutaneous mycoses caused by Madurella mycetomatis characterized by Scaly, dry, yellow crust with fissures where granules and pus drain out

A

Mycetoma

52
Q

Mycetoma granules

A

may be spores or fungi
could be soft or hard
different pigmentation (yellow, brown, white, pink, red, black)

  • green=maybe pseudomonas
  • specimen: biopsy material and pus
53
Q

Truly virulent mycoses placed in LPCB in a biosafety cabinet

A

Systemic mycoses

54
Q

Pathogenesis of systemic mycoses

A

Inhalation> blood dissemination > skin eruption > primary lesion in lungs > other parts of body

55
Q

Symptoms of systemic mycoses

A 
Early  Rash
Lesion  in  lungs  that  mimic  TB
Skin  Lesion
Abscess
Fluid-filled  lesion
-Fluid  can  be  aspirated  and  used  in  specimen   -One  must  first  rule  out  dermatophytes  or  subcutaneous mycosis
Toe lesion
-Usually  Coccidioidomycosis
Meningitis
-Usually  Cryptococcus  neoformans 
Osteomyelitis 
Wrist  mass (mass=fungi)
56
Q

Makes the cultured fungi very infective

A

Arthrospores

*when inhaled=coccidiomycosis

57
Q

How do you test if the fungi is monomorphic or dimorphic

A

Test with room temperature and body temp

58
Q

Stains used for systemic mycoses

A

LPCB (for cultured organisms)

PAS (for urine)

59
Q

Spherical structure enclosing sphores that is 20-100 micrometers, results to LUMPY skin if many (elephant man)

A

Spherule

60
Q

Opportunistic mycoses

A 
Candida*
Cryptococcus
Geotrichum
Aspergillus*
Rhizopus
Mucor
Pneumocystis

*albicans and fumigatus: most common pathogens

61
Q

T or F: Yeast form is the pathologic condition of opportunistic pathogens

A

False, hyphal elements or pseudohyphal formation

62
Q

Opportunistic pathogen which causes most diverse type of diseases (superficial-systemic)

A

Candida

63
Q

Lesions are characterized by white patches found in oral mucosa, genitourinary tract, butt area of babies

A

Candidiasis

64
Q

White flecks or patches in the covering tongue and mouth, Fairly common in newborns, immunocompromised patients

A

Oral thrush/candidiasis

65
Q

Inflammation of folds of skin surrounding the nail involving the cuticle (usually due to contaminated water)

A

Candida paronychia

66
Q

How to observe budding formation of candidiasis

A

Inoculate fungi in serum > Incubate for 3 hours > Stain with PAS > View under a microscope (Pseudomycelium or pseudohyphae formation seen)

Medical microbiology (14 decks)

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