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Herpes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the eight impurtant human pathogens in herpeviridae

A 
HSV-1
HSV-2
VZV
*alpha-short replicative cycle, broad host range
HSV-6
HSV-7
CMV
*beta- long replicative cycle, restricted host range
HSV-8 (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated HV)
EBV
*gamma- very restricted host range
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2
Q

Well-known manifestation of herpes virus

A

Vesicular and pustules formation on skin

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3
Q

Mode of infx of herpesvirus

A

Latent or lytic

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4
Q

Long genome of herpes virus encodes for enzymes for

A

Metabolism of nucleic acid
DNA synthesis
Processing proteins

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5
Q

The viral genome synthesis and capsid assembly occurs in

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

Productive viral infection means

A

Inevitable cell destruction

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7
Q

Four layers of the herpesvirus

A

Envelope (glycoproteins and altered host membrane)
Tegument (protein coat with viral enzymes)
Icosahedral capsid (160 capsomeres)
DNA core (double stranded)

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8
Q

Its envelope protein encodes for 11 glycoproteins

A

Human simplex virus

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9
Q

Binds with glycosaminoglycans

A

gB

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10
Q

Interacts with GAG heparan sulfate of the target cell

A

gC

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11
Q

Responsible for stability during entry fusion (HVEM host cell receptor) and elicits production of neutralizing antibodies

A

gD

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12
Q

Interacts with the Fc receptor of IgG

A

gE

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13
Q

Type-specific and allows antigenic discrimination between HSV-1 (gG-1) and HSV-2 (gG-2)

A

gG

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14
Q

Complexes with gE and interacts with the cell junction to spread the virus from cell to cell

A

gI

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15
Q

For virus capsid development (encoded by HSV)

A

gK

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16
Q

Important for the viral cell entry

A

gH-gL complex

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17
Q

Interaction with cell junctions to facilitate cell-cell spread (same function with gI)

A

gM

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18
Q

What accounts for the low immunity to HSV?

A

Virus defense mech: Virus attaches to fc receptor of IgG to neutralize antibods

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19
Q

The virus is transmitted through close contact bcos

A

It is found in semen, saliva, fluid in female genital tract, fluid in lesions

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20
Q

T or F: hsv can be harbored in monkeys

A

False??- no known animal vectors

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21
Q

Host cell receptors for HSV entry

A 
Heparan sulfate (HSV1 only)
-GAG
Herpes virus entry mediator (HSV 1 and 2)
-member of TNF
Nectin 1 (HSV 1 and 2)
Nectin 2(HSV 2 only)
-members of Ig family
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22
Q

HSV exit

A

Budding via cytloytic mech.

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23
Q

Phases of replication of HSV

A

Immediate early- viral protein steps
Early- transcription of alpha genes via DNA dependent RNA polymerase II (product- posthoc phospoprotein)
Middle- transcription of beta genes (prod- DNA dependent DNA polymerase)
Late- gamma genes (most r structural proteins)

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24
Q

Where does HSV usually exist in a nucleus during latency

A

Episome

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25
Target of HSV, presents virus to b and t cells
Langerhans cells
26
Both cmi and HMI are triggered by hsv
Trohth
27
Phase of latent infection of hsv going to sensory neuron to stay for years (establishment)
Retrograde transport
28
Phase of latent infection of hsv moving out to peripheral nerve to form viruses and infect healthy cells (reactivation)
Anterograde transport
29
HSV-1: _______::HSV-2: ________ ganglia
Trigeminal, lumbosacral
30
Tyoe of HSV more associated with orofacial lesions, fever and blisters, encephalitis
HSV-1
31
Type of HSV which is sexually transmitted, causes genital lesions and meningitis
HSV-2
32
Distinguishing feature of HSV
blisters in genital area, rectum, mouth
33
Why must hsv isolation be carried out immediately
Virus is labile
34
Smear used for presumptive id of HSV using cell scrapings of the lesions
Tzanck smear
35
Found in tzanck smear of cell scrapings/lesions
Multinucleated giant cells/syncytia Ballooning cytoplasm Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion Big nuclear body surrounded by a white halo
36
Innate immune receptors sre stimulated by ________ to induce prod of type 1 IFN
TLR (2: viral glycoprotein and 9: Viral DNA)
37
Group where varicella zoster virus is in
Human Alpha herpesviruses
38
VZV transmission
Direct contact and airborne
39
When is the VZV infected person contagious?
1-2 days before rash onset
40
AEROSOL SIZE OF VZV
0.5-30 micrometers diameter
41
Target of VZV
upper respiratory mucosa and conjunctiva
42
Primary viremia of VZV happens in
Liver and spleen
43
Secondary viremia happens in
Infected mononuclear cells
44
Where does primary replication of vzv happen
Regional lymph nodes and lymphoreticular tissues
45
Common complication of VZV
Postherpetic neuralgia/ZAP
46
Most common site of original varicella lesions
Thoracic dermatome
47
Varicella vesicles exhibit
Centripetal distribution. Lesions form crop become pustules, break down and scab over
48
T or F: VZV is more severe in children
False
49
Flared up varicella in vaccinated
Breakthrough varicella
50
T or F: rashes in varicella in vaccinated is more vesicular than maculopapular
False, maculopapular than vesicular
51
Common symptoms of herpes zoster/shingles
Headache, photophobia, malaise, fever, abnormal skin sensations and pain
52
Describe herpes zoster rash
Unilateral, involves 1-3 dermatomes, rash is erythematous then maculopapular. **zoster sine herpetes- no rash forms
53
Specimens used for diagnosis of VZV
Swabs from vesicles Skin lesion scrapings Vesicle fluid
54
What does a positive IgM ELISA mean for VZV?
primary VZV infection, re-infection, or re-activation
55
Why is it difficult to detect increase in IgG for HZ?
patients may have a high baseline antibody titer from prior varicella disease *IgG detects previous VZV infection
56
What is a disadvantage of electron microscopy as diagnosis?
Cannit differentiate fromother herpes virus
57
Purpose of laboratory diagnosis for vzv
- confirm clinical diagnosis - determine susceptibility - determine if wild type or vaccine strain
58
T or F: HMI is primarily involved in vzv immunity
False, CMI and interferon
59
Varicella vaccines
Varivax* Proquad* -MMRV Post exposure Prophylaxis -use in healthy persons wo evidence of immunity within 3-5 days after exposure to varicella -VARIZIG (certain groups at high risk for severe disease after exposure to VZV and within 10 days of exposure) **LAV
60
Herpes zoster vaccines
Live attenuated vzv- subcutaneous admin. 14x more potent Zostavax **no for >60 yo with varicella vax and immunocompromised
61
High titer of antibody to virus, orevents varicella in immunocompromsied and infants
Varicella zoster immune globulin
62
Major target of EBV and main reservoir of latency
B lymphocytes
63
Infected by EBV
Oral epithelial cells
64
Epstein barr virus primarily causes this
Acute Infectious mononucleosis
65
It binds to MHC II on B cell membrane surface
Gp42
66
Binds to cd21/cr2
Gp350
67
Entry of EBV
Endocytosis
68
Ampicillin rash is senn in this stage of infection of EBV
Primary stage
69
Triad of symptoms of EBV
Fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, pharyngitis
70
Kissing disease which is marked by extreme fatigue, fever, sore throat, head and body aches, swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits, swollen liver or spleen or both, rash
Infectious mononucleosis (polyclonal stimulation of lymphocytes)
71
Four determinants of EBV in blood test
Viral capsid antigen (VCA-IgM): first to appear VCA-IgG: second to appear, remains during convalescence D early antigen (EA-D) Epstein Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA)
72
Seen in bloow work up of EBV infected patient
Increasd wbc, abnormal liver, low neutrophils and platelets
73
indiccator of active infection
VCA-IgM
74
Positive EAD
indicates past and current infection
75
Indicative of any EBV infection
VCA-IgG
76
EBNA is only positive for
Reactivation of virus and past infection
77
Other complications of EBV
Lymphoproliferation B cell hyperplasia Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Burkitt lymphoma (viral DNA is incorporated)
78
Double stranded DNA largest genome in herpes group Has cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and induction of giant cells
Cytomegalovirus
79
Hearing loss, vision loss, hepatitis, mononucleosis
Cytomegalovirus
80
3 clinical syndromes of CMV
- congenital CMV - mononucleosis - immunocompromised host
81
Lab diag of CMV
Blood test **babies:2-3 wks after infx
82
Exanthem subitem (roseola) and rejection of transplanted kidneys
HSV 6 and 7
83
Kaposis sarcoma in AIDS patients and intraabdominal tumors
HSV8
84
Encephalitis, brain damage in survivors, bites of rhesus monkeys
B virus
85
Taxonomy of herpes viruses
``` Lymphocryptovirus: EBV Varicellovirus: VZV Simplex virus: HSV1 and 2 Rhadinovirus: HSV8 Roseolovirus: HSV 6 and 7 ```

Medical microbiology (14 decks)

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