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Medical microbiology > Systemic Mycoses > Flashcards

Systemic Mycoses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

T or F: all systemic mycoses causing fungi are dimorphic

A 
True
 Coccidioides immitis
 Coccidioides posadasii
 Histoplasma capsulatum
 Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii
 Blastomyces dermatitidis
 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
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2
Q

Other term for systemic mycoses

A

endemic mycoses

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3
Q

at low temperatures and require optimal O2 content and nutrients, form of dimorphic fungi?

A

mold

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4
Q

at higher temp, reduced o2 and suboptimal nutrients, what form?

A

yeast (form present in host)

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5
Q

other growth conditions affecting fungal dimorphism

A

CO2 tension

REDOX potential

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6
Q

stages of pathogenesis of systemic mycoses

A
  1. Spore production
  2. Primary pulmonary infection
  3. Dissemination of infection
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7
Q

type of host immunity against this

A

CMI (life long immunity)

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8
Q

Other name for coccidiomycosis

A

 Valley Fever
 San Joaquin Valley Fever
 California Disease
 Desert Rheumatism

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9
Q

etiological agents of coccidiomycosis

A

 Coccidioides immitis

 Coccidioides posadasii

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10
Q

characteristic of culture of coccidio in SDA at 25C

A

white to tan cottony colony

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11
Q

seen in microscopy of coccidio

A

thick walled, barrel shaped arthrospores

SPHERULES WITH ENDOSPORES

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12
Q

antigenic structures of coccidioides

A

coccidioidin

spherulin

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13
Q

why is dry soil (semi-arid and hot regions) apt for coccidioides

A

high carbon

high salt content

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14
Q

arthrospores develop into this to produce endospores released in the lungs

A

spherules

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15
Q

complications of coccidiomycosis in immunocompromised

A

meningitis, osteomyelitis, and skin granulomas

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16
Q

clinical manifestations of coccidiomycosi

A

primary (mostly asymptomatic, some with flu-like, others show hypersensitivity reax)
secondary

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17
Q

specimens used for id coccidiomycosis

A

sputum, exudate from cutaneous lesions, spinal fluid, blood, urine, tissue biopsies

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18
Q

also known as Ohio Valley fever and Darling Fever; most common systemic mycoses in the Philippines

A

Histoplasmosis

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19
Q

etiologic agents of histoplasmosis

A

 Histoplasma capsulatum (var. capsulatum)-intracellular, fisheye shaped
 Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii- larger

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20
Q

Histoplasmosis culture

A

SDA at 25C

Chocolate agar at 37C

21
Q

seen in microscopic examination of histoplasmosis

A

spherical-oval microconidia and tuberculate macroconidia

22
Q

filtrate of mycelial broth culture; antigenic structure of histoplasma

A

histoplasmin

23
Q

why is moist soil (caves, poultry farms, parks: humid areas) considered habitat for histoplasma?

A

high nitrogen content

supplemented with bird/bat guano

24
Q

pathogenesis of histoplasmosis

A

inhalation of microconidia > mild pneumonitis > tissue phase (yeast cell develops pero kinain tas nagbud)

25
Q

t or f: most histoplasmosis infx are asymptomatic

A

true

26
Q

very rare clinical manifestation of histoplasmosis

A

cutaneous histoplasmosi

27
Q

clinical manifestation of histoplasmosis with influenza-like symptoms and hilar lymphadenopathy (resembling Ghon’s complex of TB)

A

Primary acute pulmonary disease

28
Q

clinical manifestation of histoplasmosis resembling primary disseminated TB (miliary TB) in lungs, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, GIT and adrenals

A

Hematogenous spread

29
Q

clinical manifestation of histoplasmosis characterized by lymphadenopathy, mucocutaneous lesions with abscesses and ulceration and insidious osteolytic lesions in ribs, lung bones and cranium

A

African Histoplasmosis

30
Q

specimens used for histoplasmosis id

A

sputum, scrapings from superficial lesions, bone marrow aspirates, buffy coat blood cells, urine

31
Q

seen in microscopic exam of histoplasmosis

A

ovoid cells in macrophages

*grown in glucose-cysteine agar

32
Q

also known as Gilchrist’s disease and Chicago disease common infection in dogs

A

Blastomycosis

33
Q

etiologic agent of blastomycosis

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

34
Q

culture used for blastomycosis

A

BHI at 25C

35
Q

characteristic of microscopic exam of blastomycosis

A

broad based budding, lollipop shaped

*antigenic struc: blastomycin (filtrate of culture)

36
Q

Although unknown habitat, where is blastomyces usually found?

A

abandoned buildings

organic matter

37
Q

stages of pathogenesis of blastomycosis

A
  1. Spore production
  2. Primary pulmonary infection
    - Presence of granulomatous and suppurated lesions
  3. Dissemination of infection (skin, bone, genitourinary tract)
38
Q

clinical manifestations of blastomycosis

A

cutaneous (painless and verrucous lesions)
pulmonary (primary; a/s)
osteoarticular (symptomatic at joints and soft tissues)

39
Q

Other forms of blastomycosis

A

Genitourinary Blastomycosis
Meningitis, and spinal or brain abscesses
Choroiditis Endophthalmitis
Fulminant blastomycosis: AIDS

40
Q

also known as South American Blastomycosis

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

“Paracoccidioidal Granuloma”

41
Q

T or F: id of paracoccidioides brasiliensis is not possible through gross morpho

A

true

media used: LJ-25,SDA-37

42
Q

characteristic of paracoccidioides in microscopic exam

A

mariner’s wheel/steering wheel

43
Q

antigen extract used as antigenic struc for paraccodioides

A

paracoccidioidin

44
Q

habitat of paracoccidioides

A

unknown pero cool humid soil, agricultural workers

45
Q

paracoccidioides primary pulmonary infection is characterized by

A

long latency period

chronic granulomatous lesions

46
Q

kind of lesions found in mucocutaneous paracoccidioidomycosis

A

painful ulcerated

*cutaneous lesions: no pain

47
Q

culture used for paracoccid

A

yeast extract agar

SAB

48
Q

see table pls

A

see table pls

Medical microbiology (14 decks)

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