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Medical microbiology > Cutaneous Mycoses > Flashcards

Cutaneous Mycoses Flashcards

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1
Q

Cutaneous mycoses affects what

A

Skin, hair and nails

KERATINIZED not living tissue

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2
Q

Description of lesions of cutaneous mycoses

A

Enclosed with central clearing and raised edges

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3
Q

What purpose does keratinases (comp of cutaneous mycoses ea) have?

A

Break down keratin for absorption and utlization of amino acids

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4
Q

Diseases associated with cutaneous mycoses

A

Dermatophytosis (Genera: Microsporum, Tricophyton, Epidermophyton- only on nonviable skin)
Candidiasis of skin, mucous membranes and nails (Candida albicans: most isolated and most virulent in the group)
Dermatomycosis (skin manifestation of systemic fungi)

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5
Q

Causes of dermatomycosis

A 
Soil fungi (Scytallidium, Fusarium, Aspergillus)
Opportunistic fungi (Cryptococcus neoformans)
Systemic fungi (Histoplasma)
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6
Q

Ecological groups of dermatophytes

A

Zoophilic (parasitic to animals)
anthropophilic (parasitic to man only)
geophilic (soil and dead animals)

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7
Q

Common zoophilic fungi found in PIGS

A

Microsporum nanum

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8
Q

Common zoophilic fungi found in cattles

A

Tricophyton verrucosum

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9
Q

Common zoophilic fungi found in hamster

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes var erinasei

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10
Q

Examples of anthropophilic dermatophytes

A 
- M. audonii 
− T. rubrum
− T. schoenleinii
− T. tonsurans
− T. violaceum (color violet)
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11
Q

What happens when a species evolves from geophilic to zoophilic or anthropophilic

A

It loses its ability to produce asexual conidia and reproduce sexually

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12
Q

What kind of infections are produced by these fungi?

A

Anthropophilic- chronic or mild

Zoo/geo- acute

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13
Q

Describe the family Arthrodermatacaea

A

Keratinolytic and generally called dermatophytes

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14
Q

Genus Microsporum only affects what

A

Skin and hair

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15
Q

T or F: microconidia is not present in microsporum

A

False

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16
Q

Macroconidia where rough walls are not parallel and one end is pointed while the other is round with comb-like pectinate hypha

A

Microsporum

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17
Q

Microsporum microconidia with 4-6 cells

A

M. gypseum

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18
Q

Microsporum macroconidia with 2-4 cells

A

M. nanum

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19
Q

Microsporum macroconidia with 6-12 cells

A

M. canis

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20
Q

T or F: Pectinate hypha is pathognomonic of microsporum

A

False

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21
Q

Tricophyton species affects

A

Hair, skin and nails

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22
Q

Macroconidia is characterized by parallel smooth walls and cylinder-shape with almost uniform width

A

Tricophyon

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23
Q

T or F: spiral hypha are pathognomonic of Tricophyton and are only found in secondary isolates

A

False

-commonly found in primary isolates

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24
Q

These are double walled conidia which are more susceptible to antimicrobials than bacterial spores

A

Chlamydoconidia

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25
Q

The only pathogenic fungi in genus epidermophyton

A

E. floccosum

26
Q

T or F: microconidia is present in epidermophyton

A

False

27
Q

Its macroconidia is described as smooth-walled, clavate/finger-shaped with 2-4 cells in small clusters

A

Epidermophyton

28
Q

Chlamydoconidia is present in these genera

A

Tricophyton

Epidermophyton (abundant)

29
Q

Tinea which targets hair shaft (eyelashes, eyebrows, scalp) and caused by Tricophyton and Microsporum

A

Tinea capitis

30
Q

More serious tinea capitis which causes hair loss characterized by occurence of masses of mycelia and epithelial debris

A

Tinea favosa

31
Q

Yellow cup-shaped crusts present in tinea favosa

A

Sculutum

32
Q

Tinea favosa observed in KOH shows

A
  • Bubbles and no spores

- endothrix fungi wo arthrospores

33
Q

Affects non-hairy skin showing rings with scaly centers and possible satellite lesions (due to scratching)

A

Tinea corporis

34
Q

causative agents of Tinea corporis

A

Microsporum, E. floccosum, Tricophyton

35
Q

characterized by concentric rings, also known as Tinea corporis with design caused by T. concentricum (anthropophilic and non-itchy)

A

Tinea imbricata

36
Q

tinea affecting bearded areas of faces and neck

A

Tinea barbae

37
Q

Jock itch in moist groin areas caused by E. floccosum and and T. rubrum

A

Tinea cruris

38
Q

happens when tinea spreads from groin to buttocks

A

Tinea glutealis

39
Q

also known as athlete’s foot; tinea found in toe webs & soles, even in nails

A

Tinea pedis

40
Q

what is an indicative reaction of tinea pedis due to circulating fungal antigens?

A

satellite lesions even without scratching

41
Q

T or F: satellite lesions due to Tinea pedis are positive KOH and positive culture

A

False, negative KOH and culture

42
Q

Tinea found in interdigital areas and palmar surfaces

A

Tinea manuum

43
Q

T or F: infection on the back of the hand is considered as tinea manuum

A

false, corporis

44
Q

invasion of the nail plate by DERMATOPHYTES causing brittle, discolored and thickened nails

A

Tinea unguium (Onychomycosis: caused by non-dermatophytes)

45
Q

types of onychomycosis

A

superficial
distal
proximal
candidal (inflamed nail bed and cuticle: in people whose hands are always wet)

46
Q

Methods of disinfecting fungal spores in underwear

A 
Drying
Ironing
Sunlight
Boiling
Alcohol
Hypochlorite
47
Q

how are cutaneous mycoses transmitted

A

pets
use of communal facilities
contaminated personal materials

48
Q

how are cutaneous mycoses controlled?

A

topical creams

oral treatment such as triazoles or terbinafine

49
Q

specimens for cutaneous mycoses

A

hair stub
skin scrapings
nails

50
Q

kind of infection involving formation of arthroconidia outside of hair shaft and destruction of hair cuticle usually caused by non-anthropophilic agent. Infected hair fluoresces a bright greenish yellow under UV light

A

ectothrix

51
Q

possible causative agents of ectothrix infx

A

M. canis
M. gypseum
T. equinum
T. verrucosum

52
Q

kind of infection wherein arthroconidia is formed WITHIN hairshaft and hair cuticle remains intact caused by anthropophilic agent

A

ENDOTHRIX

Infc hair does not fluoresce

53
Q

what is used alongside KOH in direct examination?

(wet mount is also a method of direct ex)

A

10-30% Parker Superquink blue-black ink and gentle warming

54
Q

media used to culture cutaneous mycoses

A

SDA (non-selective),
SDA with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide (Mycosel or mycobiotic agar)
Dermatophyte test medium

55
Q

T or F: incubation should be done in body temp

A

False, room temp atleast 2 weeks

56
Q

Grouping of trycophyton are based on

A

requirements in media

57
Q

This group involves T. verrucosum (37 > 25C), T. schoenleinii, T. concentricum, seldom produces pores or distinctive pigments and uses INOSITOL THIAMINE REACTION

A

Group 1

58
Q

This group involves T. violaceum, seldom produces microconidia (glabrous without) but yes pigment and grows slow even in thiamine

A

Group 3

59
Q

involves tonsurans (grows rapidly in thiamine and produces microconidia), mentagrophyte and rubrum.

A

Group 2

60
Q

involves megnini (agar 6: histidine) and equnium (agar 5: nicotinic acid)

A

Group 4

61
Q

pls see table for causative agents

A

tite

Medical microbiology (14 decks)

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