Viral skin infections Flashcards

1
Q

Which virus causes both shingles and chickenpox?

A

Varicella Zoster

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2
Q

What is shingles?

A

A reactivation of chickenpox in a dermatome

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3
Q

What does chickenpox look like?

A

Macules to papules to vesicles to scabs.

General inflammation with fever and itch.

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4
Q

What are the complications of chickenpox?

A

Secondary bacterial infection
Pneumonitis
Scarring

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5
Q

When is chickenpox dangerous?

A

In extremes of age and in thoses with depressed immunity

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6
Q

What is neonatal varicella zoster virus?

A

Secondary to the mother having chickenpox in late pregnancy.
High mortality.
Child born with chickenpox

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7
Q

When can shingles be dangerous?

A

If it affects the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.
Urgent referral required.

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8
Q

What is Ramsay-Hunt syndrome?

A

Vesicles and pain in auditory canal and throat.
CNVII (facial) palsy
Irritation of CNVIII causing deafness, vertigo and tinnitus

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9
Q

Is chickenpox vaccinated against?

A

Not routinely. Children are encouraged to “catch” chickenpox in primary school ages.
Live attenunated vaccine used for susceptible health care workers

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10
Q

How does the herpes simplex virus present?

A

Coldsores.
Primary gingivostomatitis.
Lasts around 1 week

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11
Q

What are the two types of herpes simplex virus?

A

HSV1 is the main cause of coldsores and also causes half of genital warts.
HSV2 is rare and can cause encephalitis, espec in neonates

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12
Q

What is the treatment for VZV and HSV?

A

Aciclovir is an anti-viral an an analogue of guanosine.

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13
Q

What colour of bottle is a viral swab put in?

A

Red topped

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14
Q

When is a yellow topped vacutainer used?

A

For antibody testing when a swab is unavailable

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15
Q

What is erythema multiformae?

A

Described as target lesions with erythema.

HSV and mycoplasma pneuomoniae both trigger.

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16
Q

What is molloscum contagiosum?

A

Fleshy, firm and umbilicated pearlescent nodules.

Common in children and can also be sexually transmitted.

17
Q

How are molluscum contagiosum treated?

A

Normally disappear in a few months but can be frozen with liquid nitrogen

18
Q

What causes warts?

A

A strain of Human Papilloma virus

19
Q

What are verrucas?

A

Same as warts but always on the foot.

20
Q

How are warts/verrucas treated?

A

Topical salicylic acid

21
Q

Which strains of HPV cause cervical cancer?

22
Q

Which strains are most commonly associated with warts and verrucas?

23
Q

What is herpangina?

A

Blistering rash at the back of the mouth cause by enterovirus e.g. coxsackie virus

24
Q

What is needed to diagnose herpangina?

A

Antibody testing for parvovirus B19 IgM and a stool sample for PCR testing

25
What is erythema infectiosum also known as?
Slapped cheek disease. | It is caused by parvovirus B19.
26
What are some complications of erythema infectiosum?
Spontaneous abortion Sudden drop in haemoglobin Chronic anaemia
27
What is orf?
Sheep bearing virus which is usually self limiting. | Appears as a firm fleshy nodule on farmers hands
28
If syphilis is sexually transmitted which bacterium is responsible?
Treponema pallidum
29
`How is syphilis diagnosed?
Blood tests
30
How is syphilis treated?
Penicillin injections
31
Which bacteria causes lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
32
How is lyme disease treated?
Doxycycline or amoxicillin
33
What is the considered Lyme-index value?