Skin cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main types of skin cancer?

A

Melanoma

Non-melanoma

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2
Q

Which of the two main types is the most common?

A

non-melanoma

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3
Q

Where do non-melanomas arise from?

A

Keratinocytes within the epidermis

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4
Q

Where do basal cell carcinomas arise from?

A

The keratinocytes within the basal layer

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5
Q

Where do melanoma skin cancers come from?

A

The melanocytes in the basal layer

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6
Q

Which is the most serious form?

A

Melanomas

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7
Q

Which nationality has the most cases of skin cancer?

A

Australian

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8
Q

How do BCC usually appear?

A

Translucent, painless, slow growing lump

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9
Q

How do SCC present?

A

Warty or crusted growth.

Tend to rise on sundamaged skin.

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10
Q

How are melanomas staged?

A

According to breslow thickness.

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11
Q

What is the ABCDE rule in diagnosing melanomas?

A
Asymmetry
Border
Colour
Diameter
Evolution
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12
Q

What is an actinic keratoses?

A

precancerous skin lesions.

Multiple scaly lesions

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13
Q

What are the risk factors for skin cancer?

A

Sun exposure
Genetic predisposition
Immunosuppression
HPV infection

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14
Q

What are the 6 types of skin?

A

1-4
Always burns - always tans
5 brown skin
6 black skin

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15
Q

Where on the body are SCCs more likely to develop?

A

head, neck, hands and forearms.

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16
Q

True or False?

Sunburn as a child increases the risk of melanomas later in life.

17
Q

What is xeroderma pigmentosum?

A

A defect in a nucleotide which causes photosensitivity and neurological degeneration.

18
Q

If the tumour depth is >4mm what is the 5 year survival rate?

19
Q

If the tumour has metastasised what is the 5 year survival rate?

20
Q

What kind of skin cancer has a pearly white appearance?

21
Q

What is Bowen’s disease?

A

Carcinoma in situ - stage 0.

cancerous cells present but no infiltration

22
Q

True or False?

BCC are more common in sun damaged skin.

A

False!

SCC are more common in sundamaged skin

23
Q

How do SCC present?

A

Lump or ulcer, grows quickly, may be painful or bleed.

24
Q

Name a common tumour suppressor gene

25
Name a common oncogene
RAS
26
True or False | UVA causes direct DNA damage
False | UVB causes direct DNA damage
27
What affect does UV light have on DNA strands?
Causes base mismatches during replication
28
What is an NER?
Nucleotide excision repair
29
What is a BER?
Base excision repair
30
What is a DSB?
double strand break repair
31
what is an MMR?
mismatch repair
32
What is UV induced immunosuppression?
Dendritic cells cannot present antigens. | T cells switch from helper to suppressor.
33
True or False | BCCs are more common in organ transplant recipients.
False. | SCCs are more common.
34
True or False | Actinic keratoses are a precursor to BCCs
False. | A precursor to SCCs.
35
What is solar elastosis?
Sun damaged skin
36
What is the condition called when the person has lots of BCCs?
Gorlin's syndrome
37
Name 3 drugs which can cause phototoxicity
Thiazide diuretics Azathioprine NSAIDs