Skin cancer

Question 1

What are the two main types of skin cancer?

Answer 1

Melanoma

Non-melanoma

Question 2

Which of the two main types is the most common?

Answer 2

non-melanoma

Question 3

Where do non-melanomas arise from?

Answer 3

Keratinocytes within the epidermis

Question 4

Where do basal cell carcinomas arise from?

Answer 4

The keratinocytes within the basal layer

Question 5

Where do melanoma skin cancers come from?

Answer 5

The melanocytes in the basal layer

Question 6

Which is the most serious form?

Answer 6

Melanomas

Question 7

Which nationality has the most cases of skin cancer?

Answer 7

Australian

Question 8

How do BCC usually appear?

Answer 8

Translucent, painless, slow growing lump

Question 9

How do SCC present?

Answer 9

Warty or crusted growth.

Tend to rise on sundamaged skin.

Question 10

How are melanomas staged?

Answer 10

According to breslow thickness.

Question 11

What is the ABCDE rule in diagnosing melanomas?

Answer 11

Asymmetry
Border
Colour
Diameter
Evolution

Question 12

What is an actinic keratoses?

Answer 12

precancerous skin lesions.

Multiple scaly lesions

Question 13

What are the risk factors for skin cancer?

Answer 13

Sun exposure
Genetic predisposition
Immunosuppression
HPV infection

Question 14

What are the 6 types of skin?

Answer 14

1-4
Always burns - always tans
5 brown skin
6 black skin

Question 15

Where on the body are SCCs more likely to develop?

Answer 15

head, neck, hands and forearms.

Question 16

True or False?

Sunburn as a child increases the risk of melanomas later in life.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What is xeroderma pigmentosum?

Answer 17

A defect in a nucleotide which causes photosensitivity and neurological degeneration.

Question 18

If the tumour depth is >4mm what is the 5 year survival rate?

Answer 18

50%

Question 19

If the tumour has metastasised what is the 5 year survival rate?

Answer 19

5%

Question 20

What kind of skin cancer has a pearly white appearance?

Answer 20

BCC

Question 21

What is Bowen’s disease?

Answer 21

Carcinoma in situ - stage 0.

cancerous cells present but no infiltration

Question 22

True or False?

BCC are more common in sun damaged skin.

Answer 22

False!

SCC are more common in sundamaged skin

Question 23

How do SCC present?

Answer 23

Lump or ulcer, grows quickly, may be painful or bleed.

Question 24

Name a common tumour suppressor gene

Answer 24

p53

Question 25

Name a common oncogene

Answer 25

RAS

Question 26

True or False

UVA causes direct DNA damage

Answer 26

False

UVB causes direct DNA damage

Question 27

What affect does UV light have on DNA strands?

Answer 27

Causes base mismatches during replication

Question 28

What is an NER?

Answer 28

Nucleotide excision repair

Question 29

What is a BER?

Answer 29

Base excision repair

Question 30

What is a DSB?

Answer 30

double strand break repair

Question 31

what is an MMR?

Answer 31

mismatch repair

Question 32

What is UV induced immunosuppression?

Answer 32

Dendritic cells cannot present antigens.

T cells switch from helper to suppressor.

Question 33

True or False

BCCs are more common in organ transplant recipients.

Answer 33

False.

SCCs are more common.

Question 34

True or False

Actinic keratoses are a precursor to BCCs

Answer 34

False.

A precursor to SCCs.

Question 35

What is solar elastosis?

Answer 35

Sun damaged skin

Question 36

What is the condition called when the person has lots of BCCs?

Answer 36

Gorlin’s syndrome

Question 37

Name 3 drugs which can cause phototoxicity

Answer 37

Thiazide diuretics
Azathioprine
NSAIDs