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Dermatology > Topical skin therapeutics > Flashcards

Topical skin therapeutics Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is a cream?

A

A semi-solid emulsion of oil in water which contains an emulsifier and a preservative.

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2
Q

What are the advantages of using a cream?

A

Acts as a moisturiser and is non-greasy and easy to apply.

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3
Q

What is an ointment?

A

A semi-solid grease/oil.
It has no preservative.
It restricts water loss.

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4
Q

Ointment is greasy - why is this a negative thing?

A

It means it is less cosmetically attractive.

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5
Q

What is a lotion?

A

It is a liquid formulation. A suspension or solution in water or alcohol.

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6
Q

What must you keep in mind if it contains alcohol?

A

It might sting!

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7
Q

On what part of the body are lotions used?

A

To treat the scalp.

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8
Q

What is a gel?

A

Thickened lotion.

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9
Q

On what part of the body are gels used?

A

Scalp, hairy areas and the face.

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10
Q

What is a paste?

A

A semi solid which is stiff, greasy and difficult to apply.

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11
Q

In what circumstances are pastes used?

A

Used in cooling, drying and soothing bandages.

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12
Q

When are emollients used?

A

Used in dry/scaly conditions since it enhances rehydration of the epidermis.

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13
Q

What is a wet wrap?

A

Common in paediatrics.
Applied to whole body. Steroid or emollient applied and then bandaged up at night time.
Used in xerosis.

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14
Q

How do steroids work?

A

Anti-inflammatories, anti-proliferatives and vasoconstrictives.

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15
Q

What steroid should be used in mild cases?

A

Hydrocortisone 1%

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16
Q

What steroid should be used in moderate cases?

A

Clobetasone butyrate 0.05%

17
Q

What potent steroids can be used?

A

Betamethasone valerate 0.1%

18
Q

What are the very potent steroids?

A

Clobetasol proprionate 0.05%

19
Q

In what conditions are steroids used?

A

Eczema, psoriasis, keloid scars and other non-infective inflammatory skin conditions e.g. lichen planus

20
Q

How much steroid should be used?

A

1 fingertip is 0.5g and that would do 2 hand areas.

21
Q

What are the issues with using steroids?

A

Thinning of the skin (atrophy)
purpura (does not blanche) and stretch marks.
Rosacea, perioral dermatitis, rebound flare of disease- especially psoriasis!

22
Q

What do anti-septics do?

A

Bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects.

23
Q

Examples of antiseptics include

A

Savlon- chlorhexidane
Aquasept- Triclosan
Crystacide- hydrogen peroxide

24
Q

What antibiotic should be used in acne?

A

Clindamycin, erythromycin or tetracycline

25
Q

What antibiotic can be used in rosacea?

A

Metronizadole

26
Q

What antibiotic should be used in impetigo?

A

Mupirocin (v strong. Often used for MRSA infections), fusidic acid

27
Q

When is a topical antiviral a suitable treatment?

A

Herpes simplex -cold sore.

28
Q

When should an oral antiviral be used?

A

Eczema herpeticum and herpes zoster (shingles)

29
Q

What should be used to treat candida?

A

An anti-yeast like nystatin or clotrimazole

30
Q

How is ringworm treated?

A

An anti-fungal like terbinafine cream

31
Q

What anti-pruritics are available?

A

Menthol can be added to calamine lotion to create a cooling sensation
Capsaicin (from red chilli peppers) causes burning sensation at first. Need to build up use.
Camphor for pruritus ani.

32
Q

When is a keratolytic used?

A

to soften keratin:

in warts, corns and calluses and to remove keratin plaques in scalp.

33
Q

Give an example of a keratolytic

A

salicyclic acid

34
Q

How are warts treated?

A

Mechanical filing, salicylic acid , formaldehyde, cryotherapy.
If genital warts: podophyllin

35
Q

What are typical psoriasis treatments?

A 
Emollients, 
coal tar, 
vitamin D analogue, 
keratolytic - salicylic acid
topical steroids
dithranol
36
Q

What are the disadvantages of using dithranol?

A

It can be difficult to use and may be an irritant and stains normal skin

37
Q

What is the treatment for scalp psoriasis?

A

Greasy ointments to soften the scale, tar shampoo, vitamin D analogues, steroids in alochol base or shampoo

38
Q

What is a common issue with using vitamin D analogues?

A

Can disrupt calcium metabolism

Dermatology (19 decks)

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