Viral Infections Flashcards
HSV-1 is found where typically?
Face and oral cavity
HSV-2 is typically found where?
Genitals, usually sexually transmitted
HHV-3 is which herpes virus?
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) responsible for chicken pox and shingles
HHV-4 is which herpes virus?
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
HHV-5 is which herpes virus?
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
HHV-8 is which herpes virus?
Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) usually sexually transmitted
Which DNA virus is spread through saliva or perioral lesions, is best adapted above the waste and resides in the trigeminal ganglion?
HSV-1
Gingivostomatitis is found in people ________ and younger while pharyngotonsillitis is usually in people ______and older
18, 18
Pain, burning or itching 6-24h before a herpes lesion develops is called what?
Prodrome
Recurrent herpes lesions are almost always found where?
On keratinized bound mucosa
*Primary herpes may be both movable or attached mucosa
Gingivostomatitis is usually caused by HSV __ whereas pharyngotonsillitis can be HSV ___ or ___
1, 1, 2
What are 3 less common presentations of HSV-1?
1-Herpetic whitlow (thumb or fingers)
2-Herpes gladiatorum/scrumpox (wrestlers)
3-Herpes barbae (shaving)
Patients with chronic skin conditions may develop diffuse, life-threatening infection called what?
Eczema herpeticum or Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption
What three main features are typical of histological HSV?
1-Multinucleation
2-Ballooning degeneration (acantholysis, nuclear clearing, nuclear enlargement)
3-Tzanck cells (free floaters)
What are the primary and recurrent infections of VZV called?
Primary- chickenpox
Secondary-Shingles (unilateral)
Where does VZV establish latency?
dorsal spinal ganglia
*usually only one recurrence
Where do oral VZV lesions present?
- Movable or bound tissue
- usually terminate at the midline
Associated with shingles, what are the 5 things that make up Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?
1-Cutaneous lesions of the external auditory canal
2-Involvement of ipsilateral face and auditory nerves
3-Facial paralysis
4-Hearing deficits
5-Vertigo
What is the most common disease resulting from EBV exposure?
Infectious mononucleosis
What are three other lesions which demonstrate EBV?
1-Oral hairy leukoplakia
2-Lymphomas/lymphoproliferative disorders (Notably African’s Burkitt’s lymphoma)
3-Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
How do you diagnose infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV?
Presence of Paul-Bunnell heterophil antibodies
Which herpes virus can reside in salivary gland cells, endothelium, macrophages, and lymphocytes and has an owl eye histology?
Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5)
What are the 3 main classifications of enteroviruses?
1-Echoviruses
2-Coxsackievirus
3-Poliovirus
Caused by cocksackieviruses which 3 conditions are particularly important to oral health?
1-Herpangina
2-Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
3-Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis
Which cocksackievirus manifestation presents as a skin rash that begins as red macules with fragile vesicles that rapidly ulcerate?
Herpangina
Which cocksackievirus manifestation resembles herpangina but is larger and more numerous with hand and oral lesions as well as on the borders of palms and soles?
Hand-Foot-And-Mouth disease
Which cocksackievirus manifestation has 1-5 yellow to dark-pink nodules on the soft palate or tonsillar pillars?
Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis
What is caused by a paramyxovirus and has 3 stages?
Rubeola (Measles)
What are the 3 C’s of the first stage of rubeola measles?
1-Coryza (runny nose)
2-Cough
3-Conjunctivitis
Koplik’s spots, appearing as grains of salt on a red background are typical of what?
Stage 1 of Rubeola (Measles)
In the second stage of Rubeola (measles), koplik spots _____ but fever _____
fades, continues
What characterized the 3rd stage of measles?
Fever ends, Rash fades and brown pigmentary staining
What is caused by a toga virus and has the capacity to induce birth defects?
Rubella (german measles)
*cause congenital rubella syndrome
Oral lesions in Rubella (german measles) are called?
Forchheimer’s sign
*small discrete, dark-red papules on the palate
What are the 3 things that make up Congenital Rubella syndrome?
1-Deafness (80%)
2-Heart disease
3-Cataracts
What disease is a disease of the exocrine glands and of which the salivary glands are the best known site of involvement?
Mumps (Epidemic parotitis)
What is the target cell of HIV?
CD4+ helper T lymphocyte
What are the 5 oral manifestations of HIV?
1-Candidiasis 2-Oral Hairy leukoplakia (EBV) 3-Kaposi’s sarcoma (HHV-8) 4-Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 5-Periodontal diseases
How does Oral hairy leukoplakia present?
White mucosal plaque that does not rub off. Usually occur on the lateral border of tongue bilaterally
What is a multifocal neoplasm of vascular endothelial cell origin called?
Kaposi’s Sarcoma (HHV-8)
What are 3 atypical periodontal disease patterns associated with HIV?
1-Linear gingival erythema
2-Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)
3-Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP)
