Hematologic Disorders Flashcards
A general term for a decrease in volume of RBCs or in the concentration of hemoglobin is called?
Anemia
*determined by hematocrit (volume of RBCs)
What are three underlying diseases that anemia can be a sign of?
1-Chronic inflammatory conditions
2-Malignancies
3-Vitamin or mineral deficiencies
Due to the reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the blood in anemia, what are 4 general symptoms?
1-Tiredness
2-Headache
3-Fainting/feeling lightheaded
4-Palor (pale)
What are three oral symptoms that depend on the type of anemia the patient has?
1-Bald tongue
2-Burning tongue (glossopyrosis)
3-Painful tongue (glossodynia)
Decreased number of circulating blood platelets resulting in abnormal bleeding is called?
Thrombocytopenia
What is a normal platelet count and how low does it get when clinical evidence of thrombocytopenia is seem?
- Normal: 200,000-400,000/mm3
- Low: under 100,000/mm3
What 3 oral manifestations are typical of thrombocytopenia?
1-Petechiae (ecchymosis if large)
2-Spontaneous gingival hemorrhage
3-Bleeding from minor sites of trauma
Idiopathic (immune) thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) occurs in ________ after a viral infection.
Childhood
TTP is a serious disorder of coagulation and is probably due to __________
Endothelial damage
Enlarged lymphoid tissue, typically due to infection affecting waldeyer’s ring is called?
Lymphoid hyperplasia
When granulocytes are absent the condition is called?
Agranulocytosis
What are the two types of agranulocytosis?
- Neutropenia (decrease neutrophils)
- Lymphopenia (decrease lymphocytes)
hematopoietic stem cell malignancies are termed?
Leukemia
What are the four main types of leukemia?
1-Acute myeloid leukemia
2-Chronic myeloid leukemia
3-Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
4-Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia has translocation where?
Between chromosome 9 and 22 (philadelphia chromosome)
Which Leukemia is one of the more common childhood malignancies?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
What is the most common type of leukemia?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
*occurs in adults
How do leukemic cells feel when they infiltrate oral soft tissue?
Boggy
*Termed a granulocytic sarcoma
With more than half of patients being younger than 15, what disease has sharp (punched out) radiolucencies with extensive alveolar bone involvement with teeth “floating in air”?
Langerhan Cell Histiocytosis
*resembles severe periodontitis
A malignant lymphoproliferative disorder in whicn 1-3% of the cells are Reed-Stemberg cells (owl eye bi nucleation) associated with EBV is called?
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
AKA Lymphoma, what condition usually arise within lymph nodes and grow as solid mass?
Non-hodgkins lymphoma
What are 3 places non-hodgkins lymphoma swellings may appear in the oral cavity?
1-Posterior hard palate
2-Gingiva
3-Buccal vestibule
*Boggy feel
What is the most common type of lymphoma of the oral cavity?
Diffuse Large B Cell (DLBCL)
What is the most common cutaneous lymphoma which resembles a fungal infection?
Mycosis Fungoides
An aggressive expression of mycosis fungoides that represents dermatopathic T-cell leukemia is called?
Sezary Syndrome
A propensity to invade the epidermis of the skin is called?
Epidermotropism
In association with Mycosis Fungoides, What are atypical lymphocytes that form small intraepithelial aggregates called?
Pautrier’s microabscesses
A malignancy of B-cell origin with predilection for the jaws with a 90% correlation with EBV and “Starry-sky” histological appearance is called?
Burkitt’s Lymphoma
*Often termed African Burkitt’s lymphoma. Ave. age is 7 years old.
How does American Burkitt’s lymphoma typically appear?
Abdominal mass
AKA angiocentric T-cell lymphoma, What condition has a necrotic ulceration usually on the midline of the palate that may enlarge and destroy the palatal tissues?
NK/T-cell lymphoma
What disease is a malignancy of Plasma cell origin and has well-defined punched out radiolucencies especially on a skull film?
Multiple Myeloma
What is the most common hematologic malignancy of African Americans?
Multiple Myeloma
What are the proteins found in the urine of multiple myeloma patients called?
Bence Jones Proteins
Unifocal, monoclonal neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells is called?
Plasmacytoma
