Hematologic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

A general term for a decrease in volume of RBCs or in the concentration of hemoglobin is called?

A

Anemia

*determined by hematocrit (volume of RBCs)

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2
Q

What are three underlying diseases that anemia can be a sign of?

A

1-Chronic inflammatory conditions
2-Malignancies
3-Vitamin or mineral deficiencies

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3
Q

Due to the reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the blood in anemia, what are 4 general symptoms?

A

1-Tiredness
2-Headache
3-Fainting/feeling lightheaded
4-Palor (pale)

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4
Q

What are three oral symptoms that depend on the type of anemia the patient has?

A

1-Bald tongue
2-Burning tongue (glossopyrosis)
3-Painful tongue (glossodynia)

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5
Q

Decreased number of circulating blood platelets resulting in abnormal bleeding is called?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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6
Q

What is a normal platelet count and how low does it get when clinical evidence of thrombocytopenia is seem?

A
  • Normal: 200,000-400,000/mm3

- Low: under 100,000/mm3

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7
Q

What 3 oral manifestations are typical of thrombocytopenia?

A

1-Petechiae (ecchymosis if large)
2-Spontaneous gingival hemorrhage
3-Bleeding from minor sites of trauma

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8
Q

Idiopathic (immune) thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) occurs in ________ after a viral infection.

A

Childhood

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9
Q

TTP is a serious disorder of coagulation and is probably due to __________

A

Endothelial damage

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10
Q

Enlarged lymphoid tissue, typically due to infection affecting waldeyer’s ring is called?

A

Lymphoid hyperplasia

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11
Q

When granulocytes are absent the condition is called?

A

Agranulocytosis

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12
Q

What are the two types of agranulocytosis?

A
  • Neutropenia (decrease neutrophils)

- Lymphopenia (decrease lymphocytes)

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13
Q

hematopoietic stem cell malignancies are termed?

A

Leukemia

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14
Q

What are the four main types of leukemia?

A

1-Acute myeloid leukemia
2-Chronic myeloid leukemia
3-Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
4-Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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15
Q

Chronic myeloid leukemia has translocation where?

A

Between chromosome 9 and 22 (philadelphia chromosome)

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16
Q

Which Leukemia is one of the more common childhood malignancies?

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

17
Q

What is the most common type of leukemia?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

*occurs in adults

18
Q

How do leukemic cells feel when they infiltrate oral soft tissue?

A

Boggy

*Termed a granulocytic sarcoma

19
Q

With more than half of patients being younger than 15, what disease has sharp (punched out) radiolucencies with extensive alveolar bone involvement with teeth “floating in air”?

A

Langerhan Cell Histiocytosis

*resembles severe periodontitis

20
Q

A malignant lymphoproliferative disorder in whicn 1-3% of the cells are Reed-Stemberg cells (owl eye bi nucleation) associated with EBV is called?

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

21
Q

AKA Lymphoma, what condition usually arise within lymph nodes and grow as solid mass?

A

Non-hodgkins lymphoma

22
Q

What are 3 places non-hodgkins lymphoma swellings may appear in the oral cavity?

A

1-Posterior hard palate
2-Gingiva
3-Buccal vestibule

*Boggy feel

23
Q

What is the most common type of lymphoma of the oral cavity?

A

Diffuse Large B Cell (DLBCL)

24
Q

What is the most common cutaneous lymphoma which resembles a fungal infection?

A

Mycosis Fungoides

25
An aggressive expression of mycosis fungoides that represents dermatopathic T-cell leukemia is called?
Sezary Syndrome
26
A propensity to invade the epidermis of the skin is called?
Epidermotropism
27
In association with Mycosis Fungoides, What are atypical lymphocytes that form small intraepithelial aggregates called?
Pautrier’s microabscesses
28
A malignancy of B-cell origin with predilection for the jaws with a 90% correlation with EBV and "Starry-sky" histological appearance is called?
Burkitt's Lymphoma *Often termed African Burkitt's lymphoma. Ave. age is 7 years old.
29
How does American Burkitt's lymphoma typically appear?
Abdominal mass
30
AKA angiocentric T-cell lymphoma, What condition has a necrotic ulceration usually on the midline of the palate that may enlarge and destroy the palatal tissues?
NK/T-cell lymphoma
31
What disease is a malignancy of Plasma cell origin and has well-defined punched out radiolucencies especially on a skull film?
Multiple Myeloma
32
What is the most common hematologic malignancy of African Americans?
Multiple Myeloma
33
What are the proteins found in the urine of multiple myeloma patients called?
Bence Jones Proteins
34
Unifocal, monoclonal neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells is called?
Plasmacytoma