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History of Interiors Final > Victorian Era > Flashcards

Victorian Era Flashcards

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1
Q

Queen Victoria Dates

A

(1837-1901)

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2
Q

Until the 19th century, the middle-class was…

A

a small group represented by tradesmen, skilled craftsmen, and professionals.

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3
Q

In the 19th century, the aristocratic upper class…

A

began to lose its domination.

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4
Q

The new middle-class could now…

A

afford to decorate their homes because furniture, textiles, decorative objects were produced inexpensively and in large quantities.

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5
Q

THE DECORATIVE AND THE ORNAMENTAL BECAME

A

THE DOMINANT THEME OF ALL DESIGN.

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6
Q

In general, the ornamentation is not based on the usual suspects (Greek and Roman architecture) but rather

A

exotic designs and/or forms borrowed from human and animal figures, leaves, flowers, and complex florid arabesques.

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7
Q

VICTORIAN TASTE

A

Sense of fantasy
Favored vertical emphasis
Eclectic
Abundance of fabrics
Plethora of objects being displayed
Asymmetry rather than symmetry
Emphasis on interior

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8
Q

A sense of fantasy:

A

Re-creation of spaces in distant lands

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9
Q

Favored vertical emphasis in

A

proportions which resulted in unreasonably high ceilings and narrow and tall doors and windows

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10
Q

Eclectic

A

not to be confused with Eclecticism

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11
Q

Abundance of fabrics

A

Layers of draperies, table cloths, etc.
Sold by the yard

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12
Q

Plethora of objects being displayed

A

Interiors represent the social status of the people living there

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13
Q

Asymmetry rather than symmetry

A

(Picturesque, irregular floor plans)

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14
Q

Emphasis on interior

A

trim and plaster moldings
A love for pattern
Interior design became an official profession

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15
Q

CIVIL WAR (1861-1865): VICTORY OF THE NORTH

A

A NEW LIFESTYLE SHAPED BY INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM

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16
Q

UNSETTLED CONDITIONS IN URBAN CENTERS

A

CITIES OFFERED JOBS
IMMIGRANTS
(1820-1860 POPULATION OF CITIES LIKE PHILADELPHIA, BOSTON, & NEW YORK INCREASED 797%)

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17
Q

INDUSTRIALIZATION

A

RAILROADS, MECHANIZATION OF PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION OF IDEAS: JOURNALS, PATTERN BOOKS, ETC.
INTEREST IN OTHER COUNTRIES & CULTURES: OVERSEAS TRAVEL

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18
Q

VICTORIANISM:

A

IDEALIZED HOME & FEMINIZATION OF HOME SPACE
(1837-1901)

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19
Q

Unsettle urban conditions led to

A

HOME AS AN EXPRESSION OF PERSONAL TASTE AND ARTICULATION OF SOCIAL STATUS OF THE FAMILY
CONSUMERISM
RISE OF THE AMERICAN SUBURB

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20
Q

Industrialization led to…

A

EMERGENCE OF MIDDLE-CLASS MASS MARKET 1840S- 1880S
RURAL FREE DELIVERY ACT OF 1896
CATALOG-HOUSE BUSINESS

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21
Q

Victorianism led to…

A

WOMEN AS DECORATORS OF THEIR OWN HOMES
SPECIALIZATION OF SPACES

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22
Q

All of these historical events led to

A

VICTORIAN INTERIORS & FURNITURE

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23
Q

Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts DATE + LOCATION

A

Philadelphia, 1871-6

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24
Q

Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts ARCHITECT

A

Frank Furness

25
Q

Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts features

A

Church like architecture features

26
Q

Indian Hall, Elveden Hall DATE AND LOCATION

A

Suffolk, England 1870

27
Q

Indian Hall, Elveden Hall ARCHITECT

A

John Norton

28
Q

Painting of a parlor - A Chelsea Interior
Who’s house, Location, date, and painter

A

Thomas Carlyle’s House, London, 1857
Robert Taft

29
Q

Thomas Carlyle’s House, DATE + LOCATION

A

London, 1834-1895

30
Q

Drawing room, Swan House Date and Location

A

Chelsea Embankment, London, 1876

31
Q

Drawing room, Swan House architect

A

Richard Norman Shaw

32
Q

Drawing room, Swan House features

A

No concern in matching furniture
Style
Shape
Fabric
Very informal feeling as a result

33
Q

Kingscote date and location

A

Newport, Rhode Island, 1839

34
Q

Kingscote additions, dates and architects

A

additions 1881 Richard Upjohn, additions by McKim, Mead, and White

35
Q

Kingscote features

A

Huge increase of upholstery

36
Q

City Hall Date and location

A

Philadelphia, 1872-1901

37
Q

City Hall Architects

A

John McArthur, Jr., and Thomas U. Walter

38
Q

City Hall features

A

Funky architectural details
Keystone in shape of animals, highly animated carvings, etc.

39
Q

Charles Locke Eastlake dates

A

1836-1906

40
Q

Charles Locke Eastlake who and what

A

British furniture designer and interior decorator
Hints on Household Taste (1836) 1881 (sixth edition in the US
Simplicity and restraint
Simple and functional furniture

41
Q

Olana DATE + LOCATION

A

Near Hudson River, NY, 1874-1889

42
Q

Olana architects

A

Calvert Vaux & Frederick E. Church

43
Q

“The Centennial Exhibition did more to stimulate art industry in this country than anything else has ever done…

A

The specimens from abroad of furniture, carpets, hangings, and embroideries formed an opportunity for the art student such as may not occur again in many years. … the Pennsylvania Museum has collected within its art department some of the choicest articles brought from China, Japan, Turkey, Egypt, France, England, and Italy”

44
Q

During the Early Victorian Period (1830-1870) “upholstered furniture became increasingly important and the upholsterers rose to a dominant position as regents of style…

A

The improvements in metal coil springs, made throughout the first half of the 1800s, and the fabrics produced by the new power looms led eventually to the development of all-upholstered furniture where no framework was visible. The French perfected this type, which had originally been inspired by the Orient and which suited the times when many other new comforts were becoming available. The French easy chairs (confortables), taburets (poufs), and ottomans (bornes), set the style for England and America.”

45
Q

The name confortable revealed the most distinctive aspect of these completely upholstered chairs and sofas:

A

“[Beginning in the second half of the 19th century with Second Empire period,] large easy chairs and also sofas were often upholstered in Oriental carpet. In France these large chairs were called ‘confortables’. The back, the arms, and the seat were all sprung and nothing was now to be seen in the way of the frame, because the deep fringe which came to the ground hid the small, low feet. In the words of Henry Havard [1838-1921] in his Dictionnaire de l’Ameublement et de la Décoration (circa 1878), it was ‘La victoire de la garniture sur le bois’- ‘The victory of the covering of the wood’.”

46
Q

Turkish Divan

A

“A piece of furniture has style when it is exactly what it ought to be, when it is suited to the purpose for which it was intended, and has that purpose unmistakably inscribed upon it. From this point of view the simplest and the richest furniture, the humblest and the stateliest dwelling, may alike be full of style. A Turkish divan, for example, is a piece of house furniture full of style, although it shows no piece of wood-work in which a definite style can be recognized, although –or perhaps precisely because– it has no fixed, sharp lined form.”

47
Q

Richard Holbrook Tucker’s house location

A

Wiscasset, Maine

48
Q

Victorian floor plans and interiors

A

Asymmetry preferred
Romanticized architecture

49
Q

What type of books were published during this time

A

Etiquette books that show how someone is to act in interiors

50
Q

Camp Cedars, Forked Lake date and location

A

Adirondacks, NY 1886

51
Q

What is Camp Cedars?

A

Summer vacation houses with rustic furniture and decoratation

52
Q

Why was Camp Cedars popular

A

Desire to detach from reality and dream in Victorian era

53
Q

Roll-top desks were advertised in journals in early 1880’s

A

It was developed to serve the growing complexity of the Victorian world of business

54
Q

What was the purpose of design journals in the late 1800’s

A

Could look into catalog, order, and be delivered

55
Q

Thonet Chair

A

In Austria, the Thonet brothers developed the technique of using steam in pressure chambers that made it possible to to bend thin strips of solid wood into curved forms

56
Q

Thonet Chair features

A

Strong
Light
inexpensive
Supported more leisure
Good for public spaces such as cafe and restaurants
Also used in informal residential interiors

57
Q

Sofa in Rococo revival style attributed to

A

John Henry Belter

58
Q

Sofa in Rococo style features

A

Proportions
Victorians favored verticality
Detailing
Enlongated
Ribbed details
More voids
Carvings stretched

59
Q

Queen Victoria’s Royal Saloon Location and date

A

Railroad car 1869

History of Interiors Final (12 decks)

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