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History of Interiors Final > USA Modernism > Flashcards

USA Modernism Flashcards

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1
Q

MODERNISM IN AMERICA

A

Eclectic historicism based on the concepts of Paris Ecole des Beaux Arts

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2
Q

Knoll, Herman Miller

A

Modern furniture manufacturers

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3
Q

The work of Sullivan and Wright was…

A

ignored in the turn of the century

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4
Q

Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer were…

A

invited to Harvard University in 1937 Gropius became the head of the Graduate School

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5
Q

Mies van der Rohe became…

A

Director of Architecture at Armour Institute (1938)

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6
Q

Large architectural firms…

A

(Skidmore, Owings, and Merril) founded in 1936

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7
Q

IRVING GILL

A

(1870-1936)

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8
Q

IRVING GILL work

A

His work attracted little contemporary attention

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9
Q

IRVING GILL Interiors

A

with modern sensibilities
Simple, unornamented interiors
White walls, smooth wooden panels without moldings
Sometimes arched openings

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10
Q

Scripps House location + date

A

La Jolla, 1917

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11
Q

Scripps House designer

A

Irving Gill

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12
Q

Barnsdall House (Hollyhock) House date and location

A

Los Angeles, 1916-21

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13
Q

Barnsdall House (Hollyhock) House designer

A

Frank Lloyd Wright

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14
Q

Frank Lloyd Wright design ideas

A

Relies on geometry
Focus on horizontal more verses vertical
Designed everything relating to the building

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15
Q

Falling water date and location

A

Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1936

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16
Q

Falling Water designer

A

Frank Lloyd Wright

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17
Q

Falling Water features

A

Retreat for wealthy family
Works with nature not fighting with it
Removes walls as much as possible
Emphasis on the views

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18
Q

Taliesen date + location

A

Spring Green, Wisconsin, 1925

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19
Q

Johnson Wax Building location + date

A

Racine, Wisconsin, 1936-9

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20
Q

Taliesen designer

A

Frank Lloyd Wright

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21
Q

Johnson Wax Building Designer

A

Frank Lloyd Wright

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22
Q

Johnson Wax Building features

A

Experiments with structural elements
Columns are shaped almost mushroom like
Starts to design modern office spaces like cubicles

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23
Q

Lovell House location + date

A

Los Angeles, 1927-9

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24
Q

Lovell House designer

A

Richard Josef Neutra

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25
Q

Lovell House features

A

The first clear example of the International Style in the United States
Detachment from the context in which it existed
What that means to the design

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26
Q

Showroom, Andrew Geller Shoe Factory date + location

A

Brooklyn, 1928

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27
Q

Showroom, Andrew Geller Shoe Factory designer

A

William Lescaze

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28
Q

Reconstruction of Kurt Schwitter’s Merzbau by

A

Peter Bissenger

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29
Q

Original Merzbau date

A

ca. 1930-37

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30
Q

Merzbau dates

A

destroyed 1943,
reconstruction 1981-83

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31
Q

Reconstruction of Kurt Schwitter’s Merzbau location

A

Sprengel Museum , Hanover

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32
Q

MUSEUM OF MODERN ART location + date

A

New York, 1939

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33
Q

MUSEUM OF MODERN ART designer

A

Philip Goodwin (1885-1958)

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34
Q

MUSEUM OF MODERN ART opening

A

The museum was opened in 1931 and became a strong influence

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35
Q

Philip Goodwin

A

(1885-1958)

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36
Q

Gropius House location + date

A

Lincoln, Massachusetts, 1937

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37
Q

Gropius House Designer

A

Walter Gropius

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38
Q

Terrace Plaza Hotel date + location

A

Cincinnati, Ohio, 1945

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39
Q

Terrace Plaza Hotel designers

A

Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill

40
Q

First Christian (Tabernacle) Church date + location

A

Columbus, Indiana, 1942

41
Q

First Christian (Tabernacle) Church designers

A

Eilel and Eero Saarinen

42
Q

First Christian (Tabernacle) Church feature

A

Light and shadow influences the interior

43
Q

TWA Terminal, Kennedy Airport, date + location

A

New York, 1956-62

44
Q

TWA Terminal, Kennedy Airport desinger

A

Eero Saarinen

45
Q

TWA Terminal, Kennedy Airport features

A

More “plastic” forms
Reinforced concrete
Curves reminiscent

46
Q

Furniture designed by Charles & Ray Eames

A

1940s-1950s
Making future comfortable without the need of fabric
Fiberglass molded curved chairs
Shelving
Could be unique and changed custom for the user

47
Q

Florence Knoll

A

Established the knoll furniture company
Simple modern furniture mainly for the office environment

48
Q

Tulip Chair

A

1953
Eero Saarienen
Forms represented speed and movement
Welcoming to the human body

49
Q

Eero Saarienen

A

Son of Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen. Was educated at Cranbrook Academy of Art. Eliel became the president of Cranbrook in 1932

50
Q

Cranbrook Academy of Art

A

Michigan

51
Q

Joe Colombo

A

Furniture designer 1970s

52
Q

Joe Colombo furniture details

A

Modular in design and can be changed by the user
Colors are representative of the 70’s
Shipping of the forms is very compact
Making it more affordable

53
Q

The Great Depression dates

A

(1929-1941)

54
Q

What affected Art Deco

A

Fascination with progress and future fueled Art Deco
Interest in means of transportation and aerodynamic forms

55
Q

World War II dates

A

(1939-1945)

56
Q

World War II effects to design

A

The war limited design activity in US and brought it to a virtual stop in Europe

Following war: New buildings to be built, existing spaces to be remodeled (The expansion of programs in colleges, hospitals, etc. created an extensive need for interior design work

57
Q

Modernism with a basis in the International style became…

A

the norm of professional design work.

58
Q

modernism post ww2

A

Modernism with a basis in the International style became the norm of professional design work.

59
Q

modernism post ww2 materials

A

A willingness to move beyond the vocabulary of flat roof lines, white walls, and maximal glass
Suburban sprawl (in the United States)
Synthetic materials became available: Plastics, synthetic fiber carpets, vinyl flooring, melamine, fiberglass, etc.
Dry-wall (sheet rock), and acoustical ceiling panels (suspended panels) became widely used.

60
Q

modernism post ww2 mechanical

A

Traditional dependence on natural climate systems (cross ventilation, orientation, etc.) was replaced by mechanical air conditioning systems.
Fluorescent lighting came into acceptance in business interiors, kitchens, and bathrooms

61
Q

modernism post ww2 worldwide

A

Design became truly international: an increasing flow of information
Italy became a leading center for post-war design (especially furniture)

62
Q

modernism post ww2 restaurants

A

Restaurant design has become a specialized aspect of interior design

63
Q

modernism post ww2 interior designer

A

Mario Buatta (b. 1935), Mark Hampton (1940-98), and Angelo Donghia (1935-85) –American interior designers known for their lush interiors (eclectic design language)

64
Q

Mario Buatta

A

(b. 1935)
interior designer

65
Q

Mark Hampton

A

(1940-98)
interior designer

66
Q

Angelo Donghia

A

(1935-85)
interior designer

67
Q

modernism dates

A

1920s Emergence of Modernism
1930s-1940 its rise
1960s-1980s Dominance of Modernism

68
Q

failures of modernism

A

Modern design was accused of ignoring the needs and desires of occupants and users in pursuit of abstract ideals that has more significance among professionals than among a wider public (avant-garde)
Failure of vast housing projects

69
Q

SAS Royal Hotel date + location

A

Copenhagen, 1956-61

70
Q

SAS Royal Hotel designer

A

Arne Jacobsen (1902-71)

71
Q

Arne Jacobsen

A

(1902-71)
leading Danish Architect

72
Q

Guggenheim Museum date + location

A

New York, 1949-1960

73
Q

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum designer

A

Frank Lloyd Wright

74
Q

Pirelli Tower date + designer

A

1955-9
Gio Ponti

75
Q

Villa Arreaza date + location

A

Caracas, 1956

76
Q

Villa Arreaza designer

A

Gio Ponti

77
Q

MIT Chapel date + location

A

Cambridge, 1955

78
Q

MIT Chapel designer

A

Eero Saarinen

79
Q

The Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption date + location

A

San Francisco, California, 1971

80
Q

The Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption designers

A

Pier Luigi Nervi, Pietro Belluschi

81
Q

National Airlines Terminal, John F. Kennedy International Airport date + location

A

Queens, NY, 1972

82
Q

National Airlines Terminal, John F. Kennedy International Airport designers

A

I. M. Pei & Partners

83
Q

Queen Elizabeth II Great Court, British Museum date + location

A

London, 2001

84
Q

Queen Elizabeth II Great Court, British Museum designers

A

Nigel Young/Foster and Partners

85
Q

Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library date + location

A

Yale University, 1963

86
Q

Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library designer

A

Gordon Bunshaft (SOM)

87
Q

Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library features

A

Exterior material allows very little light in due to the need to avoid direct light on the books

88
Q

Exeter Library date + location

A

New Hampshire, 1967-72

89
Q

Exeter Library designer

A

Louis I. Kahn
Designed buildings so that no brick needed to be cut

90
Q

LATE MODERNISM

A

Does not imitate the Modern pioneers
Rejects post-modernism

91
Q

LATE MODERNISM designers

A

I. M. Pei
Richard Meier
Philippe Starck
Rem Koolhaas

92
Q

East Wing, National Gallery of Art date + location

A

Washington D.C., 1968-78

93
Q

East Wing, National Gallery of Art

A

I. M. Pei

94
Q

Pyramid, Louvre Museum date + location

A

Paris, 1983-9

95
Q

Pyramid, Louvre Museum

A

I. M. Pei

History of Interiors Final (12 decks)

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