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History of Interiors Final > The Regency Revivals > Flashcards

The Regency Revivals Flashcards

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1
Q

What design style did France have in the 18th century

A

Neo-Classism

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2
Q

Louis XVI Reign DATES

A

1774-1792

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3
Q

Neo-Classism definition

A

A more rectilinear design and geometric quality after Rococo

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4
Q

Why did Roman and Greek forms came into fashion during neo-classism

A

Excavations at Pompeii (1748)

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5
Q

Window draperies became common

A

golden yellow and crimson with fringes

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6
Q

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF

A

1789

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7
Q

what was the reason for the French Revolution

A

(End of Absolute monarchy and of period styles based on royal patronage)
The revolution emphasized the values of liberty, and equality rejecting all symbols of the past that put mysticism over reason.

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8
Q

What happened during French Revolution

A

During this period, country’s most ancient religious monuments and artworks were destroyed and/or ransacked. Once-precious relics were paraded through the streets.
In Paris alone over 16,000 died -many were executed.

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9
Q

DIRECTOIRE DATE

A

1795-1799

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10
Q

DIRECTOIRE definition

A

The post-revolutionary style named for the form of government that in 1794 followed the Reign of Terror

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11
Q

DIRECTOIRE features

A

Sparse detailing in interiors and furniture modeled after Roman design elements

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12
Q

Georges Jacob DATE + WHAT

A

(1730-1814) Cabinetmaker

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13
Q

EMPIRE DATE

A

1799-1815

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14
Q

Charles Percier & Pierre-François Léonard Fontaine

A

They are considered as the first professional interior designers

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15
Q

Charles Percier

A

1764-1838

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16
Q

Pierre-François Léonard Fontaine

A

1762-1853

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17
Q

The Panthéon (Ste. –Geneviève) DATE + LOCATION

A

Paris 1758-1790

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18
Q

The Panthéon construction

A

Construction started by the order of Louis XV
Jacques-Germain Soufflot (Architect)

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19
Q

The Panthéon building style and what precedents

A

Neo-classical Building
Roman and Greek precedents

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20
Q

What was The Panthéon’s original purpose

A

Initially housed relics and was used as a church.
Dechristianized and converted into the purest expression of the radical Enlightenment in stone

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21
Q

Why was The Panthéon changed

A

Architecture is highly political and post revolution they needed it changed to match the new ideas of the time

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22
Q

new use of the Panthéon

A

Dedicated to the great men of France –a secular temple, a shrine to human reason and human progress

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23
Q

The Panthéon symbol

A

symbolized an entire approach to modernity.

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24
Q

Sara Baartman

A

(1770s-1815)
(Hottentot Venus)

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25
Q

George Cuvier (French zoologist) dissected her body and displayed her remains. First he made a cast of her body, then he preserved her brain and genitals.

A

Even as he determined that the latter’s size was the result of cultural practice, Cuvier concluded that “the Hottentots” were closer to great apes than humans. The rest of Baartman’s flesh was boiled down to bones for Cuvier’s collection and displayed for years afterward. Her body remained in the exhibition until 1975.

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25
Q

Sara Baartman remains location

A

Her remains were returned to South Africa in 2002.

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25
Q

Sara Baartman locations

A

Born in South Africa
Lived in Europe 1810-1815

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26
Q

Three legged table =

A

Roman

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27
Q

Busts =

A

roman

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28
Q

Swan =

A

Empire

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29
Q

Gilded and crimson/saturated colors =

A

Empire

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30
Q

Josephine’s Bedroom designers

A

Charles Percier & Pierre-François Léonard Fontaine

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31
Q

Who is Josephine?

A

Napoleon’s wife

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32
Q

Josephine’s Bedroom features

A

Lots of textiles
Tent-like in design
Shape of room is a unique form and shape
Bed is lifted on a base

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33
Q

Why is Josephine’s Bedroom tent shaped

A

Reminiscent of Egyptian expeditions that Napoleon would take
Also looks like Ottoman empire
Famous for tents
Very large and luxurious

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34
Q

Josephine’s Bedroom hierarchy

A

Bed is lifted on a base
Hierarchical and shows importance of person sleeping there

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35
Q

Josephine’s Bedroom dishonesty

A

Dishonest space because the building the room is in is not a tent
Changes later with architecture being more honest

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36
Q

Library, Malmaison designers

A

Charles Percier & Pierre-François Léonard Fontaine

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37
Q

Josephine de Beauharnais (1763-1814) in Malmaison painter

A

Baron François Gérard, ca. 1801

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38
Q

what does the painting Josephine de Beauharnais in Malmaison show us

A

Dresses are no longer structured as much
Fabrics are looser and more comfortable
Fabrics are also thinner in material
She is sitting more relaxed

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39
Q

Jean-Étienne Liotard painting

A

Turkish Woman with a Tambourine (1738-43)

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40
Q

M. Belloni painting

A

The Harem favorite

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41
Q

Paul Alexandre Alfred Leroy painting

A

In the Harem

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42
Q

François Gérard, called Baron Gérard painting (French, 1770–1837),1808 shows us

A

Fabric draped over walls
Greek styled chair Quismose

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43
Q

19TH CENTURY big ideas

A
  1. Industrialization
  2. Improved nature of transportation and communication
  3. Growth of world population
  4. Scientific development
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44
Q

REGENCY

A

associated with England
1810s-1830 (The transitional period between Georgian and 19th century developments)
Neoclassicism of the late 18th century; draws its form from Greek and Roman precedents with a mixture of elements drawn from more “exotic” sources such as Egypt, Chinese, Moorish.
Playful, and decorative style
Eclectic languages: Chinese wallpaper, bamboo furniture, Moorish style domes, etc.
19th century victorianism was very important to england and us

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45
Q

Royal Pavilion DATE + LOCATION

A

Brighton, England, 1815-21

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46
Q

Royal Pavilion style

A

Regency style
No connection from interiors and exteriors

47
Q

Royal Pavilion architect

A

John Nash

48
Q

Royal Pavilion exterior

A

Looks as if it is from India or even Russia on the outside

49
Q

Royal Pavilion interior

A

Inside has Chinese references of landscape murals and the color red
Very ornate interiors

50
Q

Consols Office, Bank of England DATE + LOCATION

A

London, 1798-9

51
Q

Consols Office, Bank of England architect

A

John Soane

52
Q

New building type

A

financial institutions / banks
Can’t have industry and business without $

53
Q

Consols Office, Bank of England columns

A

Columns look like decorative forms, but are actually structural

54
Q

FURNITURE

A
  • Strongly influenced by French Directoire and Empire styles
  • Inspiration from Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Indian, medieval Gothic.
  • Mahogany and rosewood were favorite species; used usually as veneers
  • Decorative inlays and ornamental details in brass
    Black and gilded finishes
55
Q

Thomas Hope

A

(1770-1831)

56
Q

Romanticism info

A

By 1832, Romanticism was established as a system of philosophy or political economy. Victor Hugo was one of the most important if not the most important Romantic writer. 17th century: Romantique (French) and romantick (English)

57
Q

Romanticism info quote

A

“Romanticism was a European cultural movement, or set of kindred movements, which found in a symbolic and internalized romance plot a vehicle for exploring one’s self and its relationship to others and to nature, which privileged the imagination as a faculty higher and more inclusive than reason, which sought solace in or reconciliation with the natural world, which ‘detranscendentalized’ religion by taking God or the divine as inherent in nature or in the soul and replaced theological doctrine with metaphor and feeling, which honored poetry and all the arts as the highest human creations, which rebelled against the established canons of neoclassical aesthetics and against both aristocratic and bourgeois social and political norms in favor of values more individual, inward, and emotional.”

58
Q

Cause:
A desire to experience life in the past
Anxiety caused by modern technology displacing old ways
A desire to distant one’s self from logic and restraints of classicism
Interest in emotionally more expressive directions

A

Effect
Increasing interest in recreating or reviving the styles of the past
Greek Revival
Gothic Revival

59
Q

GREEK REVIVAL elements

A

Neoclassicism , Regency, Directoire, Empire
Took its inspiration from Rome as much as Greece and even more exotic sources
Stylized use of the Orders (engaged columns, columns being utilized as non-structural members,etc.)

60
Q

GREEK REVIVAL main idea

A

Based on the belief that Greek art and architecture represented a peak in human history

61
Q

GREEK REVIVAL Integrity of architectural members:

A

Columns are structural members
Preference for early Greek orders such as Doric and Ionic

62
Q

Greek revival had a major set back:

A

The Greek temple did not have an interesting interior space not was not meant to be occupied.

63
Q

Greek revival was influential in

A

Germany, England, and the United States

64
Q

GREEK REVIVAL features

A

Pedimented and columned portico on the façade
Greek orders: Doric, Ionic and Corinthian
Columns as structural members
Simple spaces with minimal decoration (when compared to Rococo or Empire interiors)
Greek Revival was applied to government and public buildings, churches, and residences.

65
Q

a factor in bringing the Greek Revival to an early end in England.

A

Difficulty of devising Greek interiors appropriate to Greek exterior architecture may have been

66
Q

Train Stations

A

Became more popular for travel and more accessible to more people

67
Q

Grand staircase design

A

Ceremonial
Different from past designs of stairs that were just for utilitarian purposes

68
Q

Greek Revival in the United States

A

Supported by an element of ideology: a modern country to declare itself a democracy
Federal style already inclined toward the use of Greek detail

69
Q

The Second Bank of the United States DATE + LOCATION

A

Philadelphia, 1818-24

70
Q

The Second Bank of the United States designer

A

William Strickland (1788-1854)

71
Q

The Second Bank of the United States style

A

First American building in Greek Revival style

72
Q

The First Bank of the United States DATE

A

1797

73
Q

U.S. Customs House DATE + LOCATION

A

New York, 1833-42

74
Q

U.S. Customs House Designers

A

Ithiel Town (1784-1844) & Alexander Jackson Davis (1803-92)

75
Q

The Old Patent Office (The National Portrait Gallery) designer

A

Robert Mills (1781-1855)

76
Q

The Treasury Building, designer

A

Robert Mills (1781-1855)

77
Q

The Treasury Building, DATE

A

1836-42

78
Q

Gothic Revival ideas

A

Shows power change
Chaos to design new buildings
Religious architecture
More used in interiors

79
Q

Gothic Revival Shows power change

A

Loss of powerful palaces that dictated styles

80
Q

Gothic Revival Chaos to design new buildings

A

New machines and materials made construction easier

81
Q

Gothic Revival buildings

A

Religious architecture
Others uses too

82
Q

Gothic Revival More used in interiors

A

Exterior shapes were redesigned into furniture pieces and other interior elements

83
Q

Trinity Church DATE

A

1846

84
Q

Trinity Church designer

A

Richard Upjohn (1802-78)

85
Q

St. Patrick’s Cathedral Date

A

1878

86
Q

Lyndhurst, Tarrytown, Date + location

A

Tarrytown, New York,
1838-65

87
Q

St. Patrick’s Cathedral designer

A

James Renwick, Jr. (1818-95)

88
Q

Lyndhurst, Tarrytown designer

A

Town and Davis

89
Q

New Palace of West Minster (Houses of Parliament), House of Lords, date + location

A

London, 1836-52

90
Q

New Palace of West Minster (Houses of Parliament), House of Lords, designers

A

Charles Barry & W. N. Pugin

91
Q

All Saints, Margaret Street, DATE + LOCATION

A

London, 1849-59

92
Q

All Saints, Margaret Street, designer

A

William Butterfield (1814-1900)

93
Q

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

A

Steam engine: the first great prime mover to be used as a source of power for pumping water and running the machinery of textile mills
An alternative to hand, horse, wind and water
Britain, France, Germany, and the United States rose in wealth and status as they became industrialized nations.

94
Q

Cause:
Steam engines and production of steel lead to…

A

Effect:
Construction of railroads and transportation of raw materials (coal, lumber, etc.)

95
Q

Engine-powered factories

A

Less labor
Inexpensive goods in large quantities
Jobs at factories (Owners: self-made industrialists and workers: mill-hands)

96
Q

Jobs at factories

A

Not good conditions: no labor laws, horrific working conditions, etc.

97
Q

The initial influences of industrialization on interior design was…

A

technical rather than aesthetic.

98
Q

changes to an industrialized interior

A

Early appliances: stoves, etc. became available
Design of bathrooms and kitchens changed dramatically (running water, flush toilets, drain traps)
Artificial lighting: Confined to candles until the end of 18th century artificial lighting was improved. (Oil lamps, illuminating gas, piped gas, etc.)
Glass: Large quantities, and in large sheets

99
Q

King’s Cross Station date + location

A

London, 1850-2

100
Q

King’s Cross Station designer

A

Lewis Cubitt (1799-1883)

101
Q

King’s Cross Station features

A

Iron frames + Glass
Strictly utilitarian
No historical details
Preparing for modernism

102
Q

Crystal Palace, date + location

A

London, 1851

103
Q

Crystal Palace, designer

A

Joseph Paxton (1803-65)

104
Q

Crystal Palace features

A

Hi-tech building with past designed objects
Parlor becomes very important in victorian era
Rococo, baroque, and other styles shown

105
Q

In past it would take years to make pieces shown in Crystal Palace

A

Now it is mechanicalized and many can be made in a day/week
Pieces are now cut, glued, and pressed vs. carved

106
Q

Magasin au Bon Marche date + location

A

Paris, 1876

107
Q

Magasin au Bon Marche designers

A

Louis-Charles Boileau & Gustave Eiffel

108
Q

Magasin au Bon Marche was…

A

Grandfather of the shopping mall
With factories creating more items at a faster and cheaper rate middle class and lower class can now purchase things they couldn’t in the past
Need a place to sell them

109
Q

Bibliothèque Nationale de France date + location

A

Paris, 1859-67

110
Q

Bibliothèque Nationale de France designer

A

Pierre-François-Henri Labrouste

111
Q

Bibliothèque Nationale de France structure

A

Older columns used to be huge and thick to support high ceilings
With new technology of iron and steel the columns can be thin and delicate. Opening up interiors more

112
Q

Row House date + location

A

New York, 1832

113
Q

Das Altes Museum (Old Museum), Date

A

1824-30

114
Q

Das Altes Museum (Old Museum) designer

A

Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781-1841)

115
Q

The British Museum, date + location

A

London, 1823

116
Q

The British Museum designer

A

Sir Robert Smirke (1780-1867)

History of Interiors Final (12 decks)

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