Study Guide Flashcards
Room from Kirtlington Park style
Georgian
Room from Kirtlington Park date
1748, near Oxford, England
Room from Kirtlington Park designer
John Sanderson
Osterley Park Design Style
Neo-Classical
Osterley Park dates + location
Middlesex 1762-1769
Osterley Park Designers
James and Robert Adam
Georgian Town Houses date
1730’s-1820’s
Georgian Town Houses shape
Large row-houses, usually 4-5 stories high
Facing on the square and major streets
Georgian Town Houses Servant work spaces location
Service spaces (kitchen, laundry, etc.) in the basement
Georgian Town Houses public space locations
Spaces for the entertainment of guests (Formal reception rooms, dining room) was on the ground floor
Georgian Town Houses private space 1 locations
Private spaces (master bedroom) on the third
Georgian Town Houses important public space locations
Even more important public spaces (largest formal entertaining rooms) were located on the second floor
Georgian Town Houses private space 2 locations
Private spaces (children’s bedrooms, guest bedrooms) on the fourth floor
Georgian Town Houses servant living space locations
Servants’ living quarters were located at the top of the house
Georgian Town Houses back stair use
Back stairs to be used by the servants
English Baroque and Rococo design styles
William and Mary Style 1680s-1700
Queen Anne Style 1700-30s
Georgian Style 1730s-1810s
William and Mary Style New chair type
Wing-back chair appears
William and Mary Style more _____ types appear
Various types of desks appear
William and Mary Highboy
a drawer cabinet raised on legs
What continued to be used during the Queen Anne Style from William and Mary Style
Wing-back chairs, desks continued to be in use
Queen Anne Style new chair
The Windsor chair was widely used
Georgian house type
Modest town houses
Modest town houses important
Beginnings of middle class
New urban condition
Georgian furniture
Restrained design
Georgian furniture details
Cabriole legs, ball and claw feet, carved lions’ heads were in use.
Thomas Chippendale
(1718-1778) Cabinetmaker and designer
George Hepplewhite
(1720s-1786) Cabinetmaker, designer
James and Robert Adam
James: (1721-1792) Robert: (1728-1792)
Architect, interior designer and furniture designers
Design style that the Adam Bros created and when
Early Neo-Classical 1770’s
Thomas Sheraton
(1751-1806) Cabinetmaker, designer
Pair of George III (Georgian) Giltwood Armchairs designers
James and Robert Adam
Pair of George III (Georgian) Giltwood Armchairs made by
Thomas Chippendale
Pair of George III (Georgian) Giltwood Armchairs curve types
S and C curves
Pair of George III (Georgian) Giltwood Armchairs design features
Cabriole leg
Ball and claw feet
Coquille - shell work
Manchettes on arms
Manchettes on arms
upholstered arms
American Georgian Houses Features
Built either brick or wood
Renaissance-based European models: Symmetrical planning, ornamental detail, often a Palladian window , scrolled pediments over the doors and mantles
Started to look at Greece and Roman architecture
Salt-Box House features
Symmetrical facade
Looks like 2 stories from the front 1 story from the back
Ladder back chair
Woven seat
High boy cabinet
Curved leg design
Gate leg table
Leaves to open for more space if needed
Georgian chairs in The Powel House
Bright red textiles
Animal feet on feet of chair
Highboy and lowboy
Rococo inspired details
Tall-case clock
Shows wealth and value of time
Could have a clock taking up much less space, but chooses to have a larger clock
Bed alco
bed in between two spaces
How has the parlor changed since we last saw it in Europe
Parlors used to be small informal spaces and now they are large formal meeting spaces
dougong
brackets
Chinese use of dougong (brackets)
a functional and decorative element; was later adapted by Korea and Japan
shoji
sliding doors
Japan furniture use
Not as suitable for use of furniture: Spaces are divided with shoji (sliding doors) therefore there is no strict definition of spaces
Ondol
(under floor heating)
Korea women’s space
anchae
Korea men’s space
sarangchae
Tatami
floor mat -3’x6’
Tatami floor mat -3’x6’
Made of straw
Determines size of space
Japan furniture use
Traditionally no use of furniture (tatami mats) Great mobility of furniture
REGENCY
associated with England
1810s-1830 (The transitional period between Georgian and 19th century developments)
Neoclassicism of the late 18th century; draws its form from Greek and Roman precedents with a mixture of elements drawn from more “exotic” sources such as Egypt, Chinese, Moorish.
Playful, and decorative style
Eclectic languages: Chinese wallpaper, bamboo furniture, Moorish style domes, etc.
19th century victorianism was very important to england and us
DIRECTOIRE DATE
1795-1799
DIRECTOIRE definition
The post-revolutionary style named for the form of government that in 1794 followed the Reign of Terror
DIRECTOIRE features
Sparse detailing in interiors and furniture modeled after Roman design elements
Regency FURNITURE
Strongly influenced by French Directoire and Empire styles
Inspiration from Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Indian, medieval Gothic.
Mahogany and rosewood were favorite species; used usually as veneers
Decorative inlays and ornamental details in brass
Black and gilded finishes
The Panthéon (Ste. –Geneviève) DATE + LOCATION
Paris 1758-1790
The Panthéon construction
Construction started by the order of Louis XV
Jacques-Germain Soufflot (Architect)
The Panthéon building style and what precedents
Neo-classical Building
Roman and Greek precedents
What was The Panthéon’s original purpose
Initially housed relics and was used as a church.
Dechristianized and converted into the purest expression of the radical Enlightenment in stone
Why was The Panthéon changed
Architecture is highly political and post revolution they needed it changed to match the new ideas of the time
new use of the Panthéon
Dedicated to the great men of France –a secular temple, a shrine to human reason and human progress
The Panthéon symbol
symbolized an entire approach to modernity.
Three legged table =
Roman
Busts =
roman
Swan =
Empire
Gilded and crimson/saturated colors =
Empire
Das Altes Museum (Old Museum), Date
1824-30
Das Altes Museum (Old Museum) designer
Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781-1841)
Korean seating
No use of chairs, elevated tables or beds
Korean furniture
Use of low shelves, writing tables, and storage units
Korean Gendered furniture
Furniture for use of men tend to be austere, functional but not ornamented, with natural wood finishes whereas women’s furniture is more colorful, lacquer finishes, more colorful wood species, ornamental knobs, handles, etc.
Changdeok Palace furniture location
The visible furniture pieces were placed in subsidiary room and used there
Kings Folding Chair
used by the royal family for special events
colored with red lacquer
portable folding chair
handles and back has embellished decorations
During Ming and Qing dynasties furniture was…
elevated from being merely a functional object to an art form
Chinese furniture
Attention to wood grain patterns, innovation in joinery
negotiates the balance between human body and space
Raised seating conveyed a an impression of authority
Use of softwoods and lacquer or hardwoods + fine grain = no lacquer
Structure exposed - can see exactly how it is constructed
Chinese Furniture types
Folding Horseshoe chair
Three-Seater Folding Settee
Chinese furniture size
No mobility of furniture: Larger pieces with hand-carved details
Korean Furniture
Furniture is lifted up off the floor with short legs
Some mobility of furniture
VICTORIAN TASTE
Sense of fantasy
Favored vertical emphasis
Eclectic
Abundance of fabrics
Plethora of objects being displayed
Asymmetry rather than symmetry
Emphasis on interior
Thonet Chair
In Austria, the Thonet brothers developed the technique of using steam in pressure chambers that made it possible to to bend thin strips of solid wood into curved forms
Thonet Chair features
Strong
Light
inexpensive
Supported more leisure
Good for public spaces such as cafe and restaurants
Also used in informal residential interiors
Sofa in Rococo revival style attributed to
John Henry Belter
Sofa in Rococo style features
Proportions
Victorians favored verticality
Detailing
Enlongated
Ribbed details
More voids
Carvings stretched
William Morris
(1834-1896)-graphic designer, textile designer, design firm owner
Philip Webb
(1831-1915)-architect
Christopher Dresser
(1834-1904)-graphic artist, industrial designer
Edward W. Goodwin
(1833-1886)-furniture designer
Charles Francis Annesley Voysey
(1857-1941)-architect, furniture designer, graphic designer
Red House location + date
London, 1859-1860
Red House architect and owner
Philip Webb designed for William Morris
Red House features
House was deigned from inside out
Function of interiors drive design
Not concerned about arch shell
Understand how roof works
Architecture revealed
Red House Result
BOTH THE FORMALITIES OF CLASSICISM AND THE PICTURESQUENESS OF THE GOTHIC HAVE BEEN REJECTED
Red House exterior features
Plain exterior: Red brick walls and red tiled roof with no ornamentation
Placement of windows and doors are strictly the result of internal function
The pointed arch of an opening is a real arch
The chimneys serve actual fireplaces
Large and small windows relate to the spaces within
The well house on the lawn serves a real water well
Irregular floor plan is a result of functional realities
Gamble House location + date
Pasadena, California, 1908
Gamble House
Greene & Greene
Design philosophy of Gable House
Victorian spaces had an emphasis on the vertical
Now transitioning to the horizontal
Some ornamentation, but it has to be meaningful
Entire house reveals how it is constructed - very honest and clear design
Cabinet, 1861 Designers
Philip Webb (British, 1831–1915),
Designer; Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co.,
Maker; Sir Edward Burne-Jones (British, 1833–1898), Painter
Cabinet, 1861 made in + materials
Made in England
Painted pine, oil paint on leather, brass, copper
Mortise and tenon joint
A mortise and tenon joint connects two pieces of wood or other material. mainly when the adjoining pieces connect at right angles.
Coquille
shell work
Palais Stoclet DATE + LOCATION
Brussels, 1905-11
Palais Stoclet Designer
Josef Hoffmann
Palais Stoclet art work on walls by
Gustav Klimt
Palais Stoclet features
not too curvilinear
starting art deco + modernism
straight lines
Casa Batlló Floor Plan
traditional in some ways
some angles make space difficult to use
Casa Batlló DATE + LOCATION
Barcelona, 1904-06
Casa Batlló designer
Antoni Gaudi
Casa Batlló features
highly animated spaces
curves
Masson House DATE + LOCATION
Nancy, France, 1903-14
Masson House designer
Eugène Vallin
Masson House features
Intricate ironwork, floral motifs, and curves
stained glass as a decorative element
curvilinear forms - curved walls, arches, and other organic shapes
delicate carvings
Art Nouveau Furniture
strange looking
spaces these pieces were in are most likely gone, but museums collect the furniture left
Kolomon Moser When and Who
(1868-1918)
Austrian-Hungarian artist, Vienna Secession
pieces look art nouveau and art deco/modernism
Dining Room DATE + DESIGNER
1900
Hector Guimard
Chaise “Escargot” DATE + DESIGNER
1902
Carlo Bugatti
Bentwood Morris Chair Designer
Josef Hoffmann
Gesamtkunswerk
(Total work of art)
The Dadaist felt that…
reason, logic, and Western ideals of progress had led to the disaster of world war, and that the only way forward was through political anarchy, the natural emotions, the intuitive, and the irrational.
Dada was first and foremost a…
response to the brutal, mechanized madness of war.
More distantly, dada can be seen as a descendant of…
Romanticism and Symbolism,
which themselves were proceeded by a thousand years or more of individuals and
movements concerned with some sort of personal, eccentric , unorthodox, mystical,
or supernatural expression.
Neoplasticism
(the superiority of abstract values of form and color (the primaries and black) over all naturalistic and subjective values in art)
color/contrast
no objects what so ever
SUPREMATISM
“the supremacy of pure feeling in creative art.”
“the visual phenomena of the objective world are, in themselves, meaningless, the significant thing is feeling, as such, quite apart from the environment in which it is called forth.
Villa Savoye date + location
France, 1929-31
Villa Savoye designer
Le Corbusier
Villa Savoye features
Complex, surprising, and dramatic relationships between various spaces
Modular space (Golden section)
Purist in its forms and use of color and texture
Non-traditional transitional spaces: ramp leads up to the main living spaces
Pilotis: leaving the ground under the building open
Pilotis
leaving the ground under the building open
Schröder House date + location
the Netherlands, 1924
Schröder House architect
Gerrit Reitveld (1888-1964)
Schröder House / De Stijl House features
notions of steel
sliding panels
primary colors, black, grey
windows open up interiors to exterior
natural light / views
fluid transition
Rue de Lota apartment features
not modern
many of her designs are modern (objects) like furniture
interiors are ART DECO
inspiration from Africa
Rue de Lota apartment designer
Eileen Gray
Rue de Lota apartment date + location
Paris 1920
Whitney Museum of American Art date + location
New York, 1966
Whitney Museum of American Art designer
Marcel Breuer
Rise of the museum in modernism
Ex. contemporary art museums become important
Shows society beginning to accept contemporary art
Although Cubist pictures may represent…
highly abstracted interpretations of the material world, they were not in themselves abstract.
It was Cubist art that was characterized by…
abstract, geometric forms and a technique in which various materials, often industrial in nature, are assembled rather than carved or modeled.
Cubism definition
an early 20th-century style and movement in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.
Ic4 Chaise Lounge,
1929
Le Corbusier & Perriand
Chrysler Building location + date
1928
New York City
Chrysler Building Designer
William Van Alen
Most famous art deco building
Chrysler Building
Chrysler Building features
Fan designs everywhere
Stepping forms and triangle patterning
Shiny gold and marble surfaces
Art deco objects designer
Raymond Loewy
Tableware, 1939
Russel Wright
Skyscraper furniture, 1930s
Paul T Frankl (1878-1958)
Paul T Frankl
(1878-1958)
art deco furniture designer
Art deco furniture features
Very architectural in form - replicating what was going on in the field
Stepped forms
furniture followed architecture
Skyscraper like
Utilized zig zag patterns or other exotic patterns
Uses a lot of texture
Shows sense of skill in design
Relationship to the ground
Gilbert Rohde
(1894-1944)
art deco furniture designer
Gilbert Rohde Chest of drawers features
Orientation of veneer changes per shelf
Creates a pattern
Dresser pulls are in a fanning motion
Triangular leg
Kem Weber Desk features
Desk looks heavy but is attached to the ground in a light way
Triangle handles and sides
Kem Weber
(1889-1936)
art deco furniture designer
Dressing table
Jacques-Emile Ruhlmann
Feminine
Place to get ready
Safari Chair
1933
Kaare Klint
Cabriole
a curved, tapering leg curving outward at the top and inward farther down so as to end in a round pad, the semblance of an animal’s paw, or some other feature: used especially in the first half of the 18th century
German (Barcelona) Pavilion date + location
Barcelona,
1929
German (Barcelona) Pavilion designer
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
German (Barcelona) Pavilion features
lack of privacy
City Library date + location
Viipuri, Finland, 1927
City Library designer
Alvar Aalto
Florence Knoll
Established the knoll furniture company
Simple modern furniture mainly for the office environment
Tulip Chair
1953
Eero Saarienen
Forms represented speed and movement
Welcoming to the human body
Joe Colombo
Furniture designer 1970s
Joe Colombo furniture details
Modular in design and can be changed by the user
Colors are representative of the 70’s
Shipping of the forms is very compact
Making it more affordable
Who is Josephine?
Napoleon’s wife
Josephine’s Bedroom features
Lots of textiles
Tent-like in design
Shape of room is a unique form and shape
Bed is lifted on a base
Why is Josephine’s Bedroom tent shaped
Reminiscent of Egyptian expeditions that Napoleon would take
Also looks like Ottoman empire
Famous for tents
Very large and luxurious
Josephine’s Bedroom hierarchy
Bed is lifted on a base
Hierarchical and shows importance of person sleeping there
Josephine’s Bedroom dishonesty
Dishonest space because the building the room is in is not a tent
Changes later with architecture being more honest
Library, Malmaison designers
Charles Percier & Pierre-François Léonard Fontaine
Josephine de Beauharnais (1763-1814) in Malmaison painter
Baron François Gérard, ca. 1801
what does the painting Josephine de Beauharnais in Malmaison show us
Dresses are no longer structured as much
Fabrics are looser and more comfortable
Fabrics are also thinner in material
She is sitting more relaxed
gapura
a massive tower, an entry gate
Gopura, Meenakshi Temple, Madurai features
A gapura
Thousand Pillar Hall
maru
Wooden floor used to store grains (Traditional Korean Houses)
Shinto
Japan’s oldest and native religion (the way of the Gods)
Shinto concept
Pureness is the single most important concept
Ordinary people were… (Japanese culture)
not allowed in Shinto shrines but only high priests and member of the imperial family
Lovell House date + Location
Los Angeles, 1927-9
Lovell House architect
Richard Josef Neutra
Lovell House importance
The first clear example of the International Style in the United States
Detachment from the context in which it existed
Lovell House importance: What that means to the design?
design aimed for a timeless quality that could be appreciated regardless of its location or historical period.
designing a residence that fulfilled the needs of its inhabitants without being bound by stylistic conventions of the past.
concepts such as open floor plans, indoor-outdoor living, and the integration of technology into the design
