Aesthetic Flashcards
During the Victorian era (1837-1901), various reactions developed in
opposition to the historicism, decorative display, and excess of the prevailing design fashions.
What was the movement called that was in opposition to the Victorian Era
Aesthetic movement and/or Arts and Crafts movement
Where did the aesthetic movement and/or Arts and Crafts movement begin
Begins in Britain
Aesthetic movement and/or Arts and Crafts movement transitioned to what in the US
Eventually generated the Craftsman movement (in the US)
Aesthetic movement and/or Arts and Crafts movement link to what in the 20th century
Direct links to the Modernism of the 20th century
Role of the individual in Aesthetic/ A+C Movement
The individual becomes increasingly important
The emergence of the celebrity designer
John Ruskin
Philosopher, writer, critic (admiration for Gothic work due to the honest use of materials and its emphasis on craftsmanship)
A+C movement view on Machine-made objects
(tasteless and garish)
A+C movement view on hand-made objects
(honesty in expression of function, material, and technique of production)
ARTS & CRAFTS DOCTRINE:
Honesty (material, techniques of production, expression of function)
•Meaningful ornamentation
Arts and Crafts designers turned into
craftsmen themselves
William Morris
(1834-1896)-graphic designer, textile designer, design firm owner
Philip Webb
(1831-1915)-architect
Christopher Dresser
(1834-1904)-graphic artist, industrial designer
Edward W. Goodwin
(1833-1886)-furniture designer
Charles Francis Annesley Voysey
(1857-1941)-architect, furniture designer, graphic designer
Arts & Crafts Interiors
Walls were often paneled up to a height of six or seven feet
A frieze, or band of lighter tones, paint or paper introduced a lighter element that suggested openness
Box-like forms
Frosted or colored glass is used to screen the newly introduced electric bulbs
Simple and craft based vocabulary
The Green Dining Room Date + architects
1866 Philip Webb, primary designer
William Morris
The Green Dining Room Features
Different ornamentation
Detached from historical references
Not representative
Highly stylized
Wallpaper 1876, William Morris features
Represents flowers that exist in the world
But doesn’t look exactly real
Highly stylized and turned into a pattern
The Trellis design for a textile, 1864 William Morris
3d elements flattened and turned into a pattern
First you see a pattern and then the details
Red House location + date
London, 1859-1860
Red House architect and owner
Philip Webb designed for William Morris
Red House features
House was deigned from inside out
Function of interiors drive design
Not concerned about arch shell
Understand how roof works
Architecture revealed
Red House Result
BOTH THE FORMALITIES OF CLASSICISM AND THE PICTURESQUENESS OF THE GOTHIC HAVE BEEN REJECTED
Red House exterior features
Plain exterior: Red brick walls and red tiled roof with no ornamentation
Placement of windows and doors are strictly the result of internal function
The pointed arch of an opening is a real arch
The chimneys serve actual fireplaces
Large and small windows relate to the spaces within
The well house on the lawn serves a real water well
Irregular floor plan is a result of functional realities
Standen location
England
Standen Architects
Philip Webb (Carpet designed by William Morris)
Hill House Location + Date
Scotland, 1902-3
Hill House designer
Charles Rennie Mackintosh
Peacock Room Date + Location
London, 1876-7
Peacock Room Designers
Thomas Jeckyll & James McNeill Whistler
The Orchard date + location
England, 1900
The Orchard designer
Charles Francis Annesley Voysey (1857-1941)
Standen carpet designer
William Morris
Charles Rennie Mackintosh WHO
Furniture and interior designer
Relies on geometry
No extra material
Peacock Room interior and use
Asian inspired interior
Way to display “nick nacks”
Includes ceiling design and lighting
The Orchard features
Walls are starting to look bare compared to past interiors
Shows how space functions / is put together
Trinity Church location + date
Boston, 1877
what does Trinity Church show us
Rethinking religious spaces and their designs
Trinity Church Architect
Henry Hobson Richardson
Gamble House location + date
Pasadena, California, 1908
Gamble House
Greene & Greene
Design philosophy of Gable House
Victorian spaces had an emphasis on the vertical
Now transitioning to the horizontal
Some ornamentation, but it has to be meaningful
Entire house reveals how it is constructed - very honest and clear design
Bourse Date + Location
Amsterdam 1898-1903
Bourse designer
Hendrik Petrus Berlage
Bourse interior
Utilitarian space with beauty and design
Will Bradley date
(1868-1962)
Will Bradley who
Commercial illustrator
Developed designs for Ladies’ Home Journal
Cabinet, 1861 Designers
Philip Webb (British, 1831–1915),
Designer; Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co.,
Maker; Sir Edward Burne-Jones (British, 1833–1898), Painter
Cabinet, 1861 made in + materials
Made in England
Painted pine, oil paint on leather, brass, copper
Gustav Stickley date
(1858-1942)
Gustav Stickley who
Leading figure in Arts & Crafts in US
Harvey Ellis who
was associated with Stickley’s firm for a brief period
Harvey Ellis date
1842-1904
Mortise and tenon joint
A mortise and tenon joint connects two pieces of wood or other material. mainly when the adjoining pieces connect at right angles.
Christopher Dresser who
Silver-plated teapots
for James Dixon & Sons, c. 1880
Designing of objects
Relationship between human and object
Uses pure geometry
