Colonial and Federal America

Question 1

American continents were settled by colonists from several European countries DATE

Answer 1

17TH century

Question 2

What was the architecture like once they were settled and not only focusing on survival

Answer 2

An effort to reproduce what they left behind in Europe: duplication of the Old World

Question 3

How did architecture change in America

Answer 3

They had to utilize what was locally available (materials, and skills). In some cases they relied on importation

Question 4

What were early colonial houses like

Answer 4

Early colonial houses were rigorously functional (Wooden frame members were exposed, diagonal braces were visible, floors were wide wooden planks.

Question 5

Earliest settlements in North America DATE + LOCATION

Answer 5

1607 Jamestown

Question 6

Typical early colonial American house

Answer 6

An English medieval house with wooden exterior

Question 7

early colonial American house features

Answer 7

Overhanging upper storey, small windows with leaded glass, shingled and gabled roofs, chimney marking the location of interior fireplaces

Question 8

Main difference between early and late colonial houses

Answer 8

Earliest examples had one multi-purpose room . Later examples include a center chimney separating two rooms, each with a fireplace.

Question 9

What was different about the early foundations?

Answer 9

Earlier Cape Cod cottages had no foundations and floated on the sand dunes

Question 10

Example of a cottage with no foundation

Answer 10

Hoxie House

Question 11

Hoxie House DATE + LOCATION

Answer 11

East Sandwich, Massachusetts 1637

Question 12

Hoxie House features

Answer 12

Low ceiling and lofted area with ladder

Question 13

Why were ceilings so much lower compared to today

Answer 13

structural problems if taller + materials available are shorter + easier to heat shorter spaces

Question 14

Salt-Box House features

Answer 14

Symmetrical facade
Looks like 2 stories from the front 1 story from the back

Question 15

The Whipple House DATE + LOCATION

Answer 15

Ipswich, Massachusetts, before 1669

Question 16

Whipple House type

Answer 16

more typical New England house

Question 17

Whipple House features

Answer 17

Center front door with two windows on each side
One or two stories high
Simple gable roof; sometimes more complex form with gables facing front or back
Overhanging upper story which gives it a medieval character

Question 18

Stanley Whitman House DATE + LOCATION

Answer 18

Farmington, Connecticut, 1664

Question 19

Stanley Whitman House Features

Answer 19

Chimney at center
Rooms on either side
Enter into staircase

Question 20

Ladder back chair

Answer 20

Woven seat

Question 21

High boy cabinet

Answer 21

Curved leg design

Question 22

Gate leg table

Answer 22

Leaves to open for more space if needed

Question 23

Colonial simplicity began to gave way to more elegant and luxurious styles. DATE

Answer 23

18th century

Question 24

what were the precedents for more elegant and luxurious styles in America

Answer 24

1. Brought from England
2. Made in America: inspired by Queen Anne and Georgian styles in the pattern books

Question 25

What caused southern colonies vast plantations to be established (Virginia and Carolinas)

Answer 25

Slave labor and increased economy

Question 26

With more economic prosperity how did the houses change

Answer 26

Houses began to approach the “great houses” of England

Question 27

American Georgian Houses Features

Answer 27

Built either brick or wood Renaissance-based European models: Symmetrical planning, ornamental detail, often a Palladian window , scrolled pediments over the doors and mantles Started to look at Greece and Roman architecture

Question 28

Carter’s Grove Plantation DATE + LOCATION

Answer 28

near Williamsburg, 1751

Question 29

Carter’s Grove Plantation features

Answer 29

Symmetrical facade Double chimneys Grander rooms with specific functions for each (no need for multi-function) Pedimented entrance Interior grand staircase exposed and shows wealth and social functions Arches, fluted columns, etc

Question 30

John Vassall House DATE + LOCATION

Answer 30

Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1759

Question 31

John Vassall House Features

Answer 31

Grand entrance Double chimneys Symmetrical design

Question 32

Mount Pleasant Mansion DATE + LOCATION

Answer 32

Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, 1761-2

Question 33

Mount Pleasant Mansion Features

Answer 33

Double chimneys Palladian window Flattened columns Raising foundation allowed for window in basement

Question 34

The Powel House DATE + LOCATION

Answer 34

Philadelphia, 1765-6

Question 35

The Powel House Features

Answer 35

Fine wooden paneling Ornamental plaster ceiling Imported Chinese wallpaper Chippendale style furniture Oriental rug Georgian chairs Broken pediment above fireplace Finished pediment on cabinet Colors in room are very saturated and bold

Question 36

Imported Chinese wallpaper in The Powel House

Answer 36

Landscape and architectural watercolor look Bright yellow base color

Question 37

Georgian chairs in The Powel House

Answer 37

Bright red textiles Animal feet on feet of chair

Question 38

Colors in The Powel House

Answer 38

Colors in room are very saturated and bold Don’t match England’s style of color matching

Question 39

Miles Brewton House DATE + LOCATION

Answer 39

Charleston, South Carolina, 1765-69

Question 40

Mount Vernon DATE + LOCATION

Answer 40

near Alexandria, Virginia, from c. 1740

Question 41

Mount Vernon Dining Room Restoration

Answer 41

Originally thought to be a light teal green, but research today shows it a bright teal

Question 42

John Singleton Copley

Answer 42

Significant american painter 1738-1815

Question 43

Famous Copley Paintings

Answer 43

Mrs. Daniel Rea and Child, (1757) & Mrs. John Hancock, (1772)

Question 44

What does Copley's paintings tell us

Answer 44

How much the colonies have changed since the 17th century Bodies in luxury vs bodies working to survive

Question 45

What did some paintings show us about fashion

Answer 45

Turquerie Fashion in the West

Question 46

Mrs. Thomas Gage Painting artist + date

Answer 46

(1771) John Singleton Copley

Question 47

Madame de Pompadour Painting artist + date

Answer 47

Charles Andre van Loo (1747)

Question 48

Highboy and lowboy

Answer 48

Rococo inspired details

Question 49

Tall-case clock

Answer 49

Shows wealth and value of time Could have a clock taking up much less space, but chooses to have a larger clock

Question 50

King’s Chapel date + location + architect

Answer 50

Boston, 1749-58 Peter Harrison

Question 51

Monticello date + location + architect

Answer 51

near Charlottesville, Virginia, 1768-81 Thomas Jefferson

Question 52

Bed alco

Answer 52

bed in between two spaces

Question 53

Monticello features

Answer 53

Portico entrance Arches Rotunda / dome Parlor

Question 54

How has the parlor changed since we last saw it in Europe

Answer 54

Parlors used to be small informal spaces and now they are large formal meeting spaces

Question 55

Old Senate Chamber DATE + LOCATION + ARCHITECT

Answer 55

The Capitol, Washington, D.C., 1803-11 Benjamin Latrobe

Question 56

Octagon House DATE + LOCATION + ARCHITECT

Answer 56

Washington D.C., 1799-1800, William Thornton

Question 57

Duncan Phyfe

Answer 57

Interior furniture designer 1768-1854

Question 58

Duncan Phyfe furniture details

Answer 58

Elegant and not bulky Understated - not many detailed carvings

Question 59

Lambert Hitchock

Answer 59

Interior furniture designer 1795-1852

Question 60

Lambert Hitchock furniture details

Answer 60

Contrasting black and gold designs Little bit of ornamentation

Question 61

Gardner-Pingree House date and location

Answer 61

Salem, Massachusetts, 1804-5