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History of Interiors Final > Colonial and Federal America > Flashcards

Colonial and Federal America Flashcards

1
Q

American continents were settled by colonists from several European countries DATE

A

17TH century

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2
Q

What was the architecture like once they were settled and not only focusing on survival

A

An effort to reproduce what they left behind in Europe: duplication of the Old World

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3
Q

How did architecture change in America

A

They had to utilize what was locally available (materials, and skills). In some cases they relied on importation

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4
Q

What were early colonial houses like

A

Early colonial houses were rigorously functional (Wooden frame members were exposed, diagonal braces were visible, floors were wide wooden planks.

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5
Q

Earliest settlements in North America DATE + LOCATION

A

1607 Jamestown

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6
Q

Typical early colonial American house

A

An English medieval house with wooden exterior

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7
Q

early colonial American house features

A

Overhanging upper storey, small windows with leaded glass, shingled and gabled roofs, chimney marking the location of interior fireplaces

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8
Q

Main difference between early and late colonial houses

A

Earliest examples had one multi-purpose room . Later examples include a center chimney separating two rooms, each with a fireplace.

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9
Q

What was different about the early foundations?

A

Earlier Cape Cod cottages had no foundations and floated on the sand dunes

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10
Q

Example of a cottage with no foundation

A

Hoxie House

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11
Q

Hoxie House DATE + LOCATION

A

East Sandwich, Massachusetts 1637

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12
Q

Hoxie House features

A

Low ceiling and lofted area with ladder

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13
Q

Why were ceilings so much lower compared to today

A

structural problems if taller + materials available are shorter + easier to heat shorter spaces

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14
Q

Salt-Box House features

A

Symmetrical facade
Looks like 2 stories from the front 1 story from the back

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15
Q

The Whipple House DATE + LOCATION

A

Ipswich, Massachusetts, before 1669

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16
Q

Whipple House type

A

more typical New England house

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17
Q

Whipple House features

A

Center front door with two windows on each side
One or two stories high
Simple gable roof; sometimes more complex form with gables facing front or back
Overhanging upper story which gives it a medieval character

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18
Q

Stanley Whitman House DATE + LOCATION

A

Farmington, Connecticut, 1664

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19
Q

Stanley Whitman House Features

A

Chimney at center
Rooms on either side
Enter into staircase

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20
Q

Ladder back chair

A

Woven seat

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21
Q

High boy cabinet

A

Curved leg design

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22
Q

Gate leg table

A

Leaves to open for more space if needed

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23
Q

Colonial simplicity began to gave way to more elegant and luxurious styles. DATE

A

18th century

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24
Q

what were the precedents for more elegant and luxurious styles in America

A
  1. Brought from England
  2. Made in America: inspired by Queen Anne and Georgian styles in the pattern books
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25
Q

What caused southern colonies vast plantations to be established (Virginia and Carolinas)

A

Slave labor and increased economy

26
Q

With more economic prosperity how did the houses change

A

Houses began to approach the “great houses” of England

27
Q

American Georgian Houses Features

A

Built either brick or wood
Renaissance-based European models: Symmetrical planning, ornamental detail, often a Palladian window , scrolled pediments over the doors and mantles
Started to look at Greece and Roman architecture

28
Q

Carter’s Grove Plantation DATE + LOCATION

A

near Williamsburg, 1751

29
Q

Carter’s Grove Plantation features

A

Symmetrical facade
Double chimneys
Grander rooms with specific functions for each (no need for multi-function)
Pedimented entrance
Interior grand staircase exposed and shows wealth and social functions
Arches, fluted columns, etc

30
Q

John Vassall House DATE + LOCATION

A

Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1759

31
Q

John Vassall House Features

A

Grand entrance
Double chimneys
Symmetrical design

32
Q

Mount Pleasant Mansion DATE + LOCATION

A

Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, 1761-2

33
Q

Mount Pleasant Mansion Features

A

Double chimneys
Palladian window
Flattened columns
Raising foundation allowed for window in basement

34
Q

The Powel House DATE + LOCATION

A

Philadelphia, 1765-6

35
Q

The Powel House Features

A

Fine wooden paneling
Ornamental plaster ceiling
Imported Chinese wallpaper
Chippendale style furniture
Oriental rug
Georgian chairs
Broken pediment above fireplace
Finished pediment on cabinet
Colors in room are very saturated and bold

36
Q

Imported Chinese wallpaper in The Powel House

A

Landscape and architectural watercolor look
Bright yellow base color

37
Q

Georgian chairs in The Powel House

A

Bright red textiles
Animal feet on feet of chair

38
Q

Colors in The Powel House

A

Colors in room are very saturated and bold
Don’t match England’s style of color matching

39
Q

Miles Brewton House DATE + LOCATION

A

Charleston, South Carolina, 1765-69

40
Q

Mount Vernon DATE + LOCATION

A

near Alexandria, Virginia, from c. 1740

41
Q

Mount Vernon Dining Room Restoration

A

Originally thought to be a light teal green, but research today shows it a bright teal

42
Q

John Singleton Copley

A

Significant american painter
1738-1815

43
Q

Famous Copley Paintings

A

Mrs. Daniel Rea and Child, (1757) & Mrs. John Hancock, (1772)

44
Q

What does Copley’s paintings tell us

A

How much the colonies have changed since the 17th century
Bodies in luxury vs bodies working to survive

45
Q

What did some paintings show us about fashion

A

Turquerie Fashion in the West

46
Q

Mrs. Thomas Gage Painting artist + date

A

(1771)
John Singleton Copley

47
Q

Madame de Pompadour Painting artist + date

A

Charles Andre van Loo (1747)

48
Q

Highboy and lowboy

A

Rococo inspired details

49
Q

Tall-case clock

A

Shows wealth and value of time
Could have a clock taking up much less space, but chooses to have a larger clock

50
Q

King’s Chapel date + location + architect

A

Boston, 1749-58 Peter Harrison

51
Q

Monticello date + location + architect

A

near Charlottesville, Virginia, 1768-81 Thomas Jefferson

52
Q

Bed alco

A

bed in between two spaces

53
Q

Monticello features

A

Portico entrance
Arches
Rotunda / dome
Parlor

54
Q

How has the parlor changed since we last saw it in Europe

A

Parlors used to be small informal spaces and now they are large formal meeting spaces

55
Q

Old Senate Chamber DATE + LOCATION + ARCHITECT

A

The Capitol, Washington, D.C., 1803-11 Benjamin Latrobe

56
Q

Octagon House DATE + LOCATION + ARCHITECT

A

Washington D.C., 1799-1800,
William Thornton

57
Q

Duncan Phyfe

A

Interior furniture designer
1768-1854

58
Q

Duncan Phyfe furniture details

A

Elegant and not bulky
Understated - not many detailed carvings

59
Q

Lambert Hitchock

A

Interior furniture designer
1795-1852

60
Q

Lambert Hitchock furniture details

A

Contrasting black and gold designs
Little bit of ornamentation

61
Q

Gardner-Pingree House date and location

A

Salem, Massachusetts, 1804-5

History of Interiors Final (12 decks)

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