Vibrio, Camplyobacter, Helicobacter and Aeromonas

Question 1

What distinguishes Vibrio and Aeromonas from Enterobacteriaceae?

Answer 1

positive oxidase test, polar flagella

Question 2

Important species of Vibrio:

Answer 2

cholerae, parahaemolyticus, vulnificus

Question 3

What vibrio species can grow in the absence of NaCl?

Answer 3

cholerae

Question 4

What serotypes of Vibrio cholerae are associated with cholera?

Answer 4

O1 and O139

Question 5

What are the genes for the subunits of cholera toxin?

Answer 5

ctxA (toxin), ctxB (binds to small intestine receptor)

Question 6

How does cholera toxin cause fluid loss?

Answer 6

increase adenylate cyclase, which raises cAMP, rapid secretion of ions and H20

Question 7

Reservoirs for Vibrio are:

Answer 7

brackish water and people

Question 8

Cholera is spread:

Answer 8

person to person, need high inoculum, poor sanitation contributes

Question 9

Symptoms of Cholera:

Answer 9

abrupt onset of diarrhea and vomiting, rice water stool, dehydration, metabolic acidosis, arrhythmia, renal failure

Question 10

Treatment for Cholera:

Answer 10

Fluids, electrolytes. Can give tetracycline (secondary)

Question 11

Are there cholera vaccines?

Answer 11

yes, oral

Question 12

Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes:

Answer 12

Gastroenteritis with explosive water diarrhea, caused by improperly cooked or contaminated seafood. Self limiting

Question 13

What vibrio species causes wound infections and/or septicemia

Answer 13

vulnificus

Question 14

Microscopic appearance of Vibrio:

Answer 14

small, curved, gram negative bacilli

Question 15

Why must vibrios specimens be cultured promptly?

Answer 15

survive poorly in acidic and dry environments

Question 16

Aeromonas micrcopically appear as:

Answer 16

gram negative bacillus (faculative anaerobe)

Question 17

Aeromonas causes, and is found in:

Answer 17

self limited diarrhea, fresh and brackish water

Question 18

Describe Campylobacter and Helicobacter

Answer 18

curved to spiral gram negative bacilli, unable to ferment or oxidize carbohydrates, microaerophilic, oxidase and catalase positive

Question 19

What contributes to whether disease will develop from campylobacter

Answer 19

quantity of inoculum, lack of gastric acid

Question 20

What bacteria causes the mucosal surfaces of the intestines to be damaged, edematous, bloody, ulcerated, abscessed, and inflamed?

Answer 20

campylobacter jejuni

Question 21

What campylobacter species has a propensity to travel in the bloodstream to distant sites- and if suspected what must you do?

Answer 21

fetus, notify lab b/c it doesn`t grow at 42 deg

Question 22

What bacteria are associated with guillain barre?

Answer 22

Campylobacter jejuni and upsaliensis

Question 23

What is responsible for more than half of all campylobacter infections?

Answer 23

contaminated poultry

Question 24

When is campylobacter most common?

Answer 24

warm months in young adults (more common than shigella and salmonella)

Question 25

10 or more grossly bloody stools in one day is a common symptoms of:

Answer 25

Campylobacter jejuni

Question 26

What is characteristic about campylobacter jejuni (microscopic)

Answer 26

darting motility in wet mount, not easily seen in gram stain

Question 27

What distinguishes helicobacter from campylobacter?

Answer 27

sequence analysis of 16s rRNA

Question 28

What has corkscrew motility and produces urease?

Answer 28

helicobacter

Question 29

Helicobacter pylori is associated with:

Answer 29

stomach/duodenal ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, MALT b cell lymphoma, gastritis

Question 30

How do you test for Helicobacter pylori?

Answer 30

Urease test done on gastric biopsy and breath test

Question 31

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori symptoms?

Answer 31

proton pump inhibitor, antimicrobials, and sometimes bismuth