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Immunity, Infection and Disease > GI Infections > Flashcards

GI Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of non-inflammatory gastroenteritis

A

Nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, usually no bloody diarrhea, no WBCs in stool, toxin mediated, noninvasive, usually involves upper GI structures

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2
Q

Most common cause of epidemic non-inflammatory diarrhea

A

Noroviruses

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3
Q

Viral causes of non-inflammatory gastroenteritis

A

Noroviruses, rotovirus, adenovirus, calicivirus, astrovirus

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4
Q

Route of infection for viral causes of non-inflammatory gastroenteritis

A

Fecal-oral, noroviruses are rarely food-borne

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5
Q

Treatment for viral non-inflammatory gastroenteritis

A

Supportive

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6
Q

Compare noroviruses and rotoviruses

A

Both have 24 to 48h incubation and involve vomiting, Noro affects older children/adults, lasts 2-3 days, and is diagnosed clinically or with PCR; Roto affects children under 2, lasts 4-5 days and is diagnosed with stool antigen testing

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7
Q

Bacterial causes of non-inflammatory gastroenteritis

A

Stach aureus, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Vibrio cholera, and ETEC

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8
Q

Which bacterial non-inflammatory gastroenteritises are treated with antibiotics

A

V. cholera and ETEC are more serious and cause dehydration/electrolyte imbalances from overproductions of cAMP; antibiotics shorten duration

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9
Q

How are bacteria that cause non-inflammatory gastroenteritis spread

A

Food-borne

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10
Q

Which non-inflammatory bacteria has two clinical disease forms

A

Bacillus cereus has an emetic form from contaminated fried rice and a diarrheal form from contaminated meat and vegetables

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11
Q

What is atypical about non-inflammatory bacterial GI infections compared to other types of bacterial infections?

A

No fever

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12
Q

What is the ingested form of all the non-inflammatory bacteria

A

Staph aureus and Bacillus cereus: preformed enterotoxins, C. perfringens: spores, and V. cholera and ETEC: organisms themselves

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13
Q

Which non-inflammatory bacteria are self limiting and require no antibiotics

A

Staph aureus, Bacillus cereus, and C. perfringens

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14
Q

Diagnosis of non-inflammatory bacteria

A

Culture food source

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15
Q

Parasites causing non-inflammatory gastroenteritis

A

Giardia lambia is most common and seen in day cares, hikers/campers, and homosexual men, treated with tinidazole; and Cryptosporidium parvum treated with nitazoxanide

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16
Q

Characteristics of parasitic non-inflammatory gastroenteritis

A

Long incubation, watery diarrhea, cramps, worse in immunocompromised patients, diagnose with stool examination (antigen for G lambia and acid-fast for C parvum)

17
Q

Spread of non-inflammatory parasites

A

G lambia is fecal oral and C parvum is water borne

18
Q

Characteristics of inflammatory gastroenteritis

A

Invasive, usually involves the colon, bloody diarrhea, causes fever, fecal WBCs

19
Q

Bacteria causing inflammatory gastroenteritis

A

Nontyphoid Salmonella, Shigella, Camylobacter, Yersinia enterocolitica, EHEC, and Clostridium difficile

20
Q

Spread of inflammatory bacteria

A

Salmonella, Campylobacter, Y. enterocolitica and EHEC are food borne, Shigella is fecal oral, Shigella and EHEC can be person to person, and C. diff is NF

21
Q

Most frequently isolated inflammatory bacteria

A

Campylobacter jejuni

22
Q

Most communicable inflammatory bacteria

A

Shigella

23
Q

Most common inflammatory bacteria in hospitalized patients

A

C. diff caused by elimination of the competition from broad spectrum antibiotics and can lead to pseudomembrane

24
Q

Rare complication of nontyphiod Salmonella

A

Metastatic infection of atherosclerotic plaques or vascular aneurisms and osteomylitis

25
Q

Diagnosis of inflammatory bacteria

A

Stool culture except for C. diff where toxin is detected in stool

26
Q

EHEC complications

A

Toxic megacolin, intusssusception, and HUS

27
Q

Which inflammatory bacteria are treated with antibiotics

A

Severe Campylobacter treated with arythromycin/cpro, metastatic Salmonella, and C diff requires removal of the offending antibiotic and administration of oral metronazole or vancomycin, NEVER EHEC

28
Q

Most common parasite causing inflammatory gastroenteritis

A

Entamoeba histolytica, fecal-oral spread, cause flask shape ulcer, treat with oral metronidazole then oral paromycin

29
Q

Diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Parasite exam of stool or colonoscopy with biopsy

30
Q

Complications of E. histolytica

A

Ameobic liver abscess, causes serum Ab that can be used along with imaging for diagnosis

31
Q

What inflammatory bacterial infection mimics appendicitis

A

Yersinia Entercolitica

Immunity, Infection and Disease (86 decks)

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