Adenovirus and Poxvirus Flashcards
What does adenovirus cause?
Acute respiratory diseases and conjuctivitis
Structure and location of replication for adenovirus
Double stranded non-enveloped DNA virus, replication in cell nucleus
How many types of adenovirus are there and which type(s) cause most disease in children?
At least 42 types, most disease in children caused by types 1 and 2
Three types of interactions adenovirus can have with a cell
Lytic infection, chronic (latent) infection, and oncogenic transformation (but NO EVIDENCE that adenovirus causes human neoplasms).
How is adenovirus transmitted?
Inhalation of aerosol particles, or fecal-oral route
Acute respiratory disease
Influenza-like symptoms, caused by adenovirus infection
Pertussis-like syndrome
Relatively rare syndrome with whooping cough (similar to pertussis) caused by adenovirus infection
What is the most common type of adenovirus disease in infants and young children?
Pharyngitis
What virus causes pharyngitis?
Can be caused by type 1, 2, and 5 adenovirus
Pharyngoconjuctival fever
Fever, conjuctivitis, pharyngitis, malaise. Can be caused by adenovirus infection
Keratoconjuctivitis
Infection of cornea and conjunctiva, can be caused by adenovirus infection. Sudden onset of pain, photophobia, blurred vision, low fever, malaise, and upper respiratory symptoms
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis
Inflammation of bladder resulting in gross hematuria, can be caused by adenovirus 11
What is the second most common cause of serious viral gastroenteritis in young children?
Adenovirus serotypes 40 and 41
How do we test for adenovirus?
Acute and convalescent phase serology to look for common group antigen using ELISA
What is the structure of Pox viruses?
Large, double stranded DNA viruses
Groups of pox viruses (3)
Orthopox, Tanapox, Parapox (smallest)
What histopathological effect does varicella-zoster virus produce?
Intranuclear inclusions
Describe the path varicella-zoster takes through the body
Enter through upper respiratory tract, taken to local lymph nodes, multiplies there, viremia to liver and spleen, secondary viremiea to epidermis, later ends up latent in nerves
Spread of varicella-zoster
Direct contact, droplet, or airborne
Incubation period and period of communicability for varicella-zoster (chicken pox)
Incubation is 10-23 days (2 weeks is typical), communicability for 5 days before eruption and not more than 6 days after last crop of vesicles appears
What group of patients are at high risk for varicella-zoster complications and what should be given to these patients upon exposure?
Children with leukemia (7 to 10 percent mortality). Give VZIG
Complications of chickenpox
Pneumonia (esp adults), CNS involvement (rare), secondary bacterial infection of broken skin, teratogenicity (esp if mother gets it early in pregnancy)
Is there a vaccine for varicella virus? If so, what type is it?
Yes, it is a live virus vaccine
Herpes Zoster is almost always diagnosed clinically. That said, what lab tests can be done to diagnosis this?
Viral culture (slow), Serological diagnosis with acute and covalescent phase sera (slow), PCR (faster)
