Hepatitis Viruses Flashcards
Give the old terms for HAV, HBV, and HCV
HAV - infectious hepatitis, HBV - serum hepatitis, HCV - Non-A/Non-B hepatitis
How many serotypes of HAV are there and what type of virus is it?
Only one, it is a enterovirus (enterovirus 72)
Transmission of HAV and HEV
Fecal-oral route
What antibody persists after HAV infection?
IgG against the virus
What contributes to the wide spread of HAV?
Its long incubation period (14 to 40 days)
Why do pts with HAV infection have light, clay colored stool?
Lack of billirubin in the stool (immune system is damaging the liver)
Fulminant, fatal hepatitis from HAV is very rare. When it does occur, what type of patient does it tend to be in?
Pregnant pts. Pregnancy can predispose to making HAV infection very serious
Do HAV infections tend to be acute or chronic?
Almost always acute (chronic HAV infection virtually non-existant)
What is the standard diagnostic test for HAV infection?
Anti-HAV IgM antibody
Besides immunization, what treatment is given for HAV?
Immune Serum Globulin (ISG) - pooled Ig (80 to 90 percent effective)
What is the configuration of HBV?
Enveloped DNA virus, partially double-stranded
What are HBsAg, HBcAg and HBeAg?
Hep B surface antigen, Hep B core antigen, and Hep B e antigen respectively
What is particularly unique about Hepatitis B virus?
It is a DNA virus that has reverse transcriptase
How are the majority of US HBV cases transmitted?
Sexually. Remainder are IV drug abuse
What is a symptom of HBV and HCV but not of HAV?
Rash or joint pain. Otherwise all the same symptoms between them all (fatigue, anorexia, nausea, pain in RUQ, clay-colored stool, dark urine, jaundice)
Give (in this order) the HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and IgM anti-HBc status of a pt who is Hep B: susceptible, immune due to natural infection, immune due to vaccination, and acutely infected
Susceptible - negative, negative, negative, Immune due to natural infection - negative, positive, positive, Immune due to vaccine - negative, negative, positive, Acutely infected - positive, positive, negative, positive
People who cannot make what cannot clear an HBV infection?
Anti-HBs
Infants born to HBV infected mothers should receive what?
Both the passive immunization (HBIG) and the active immunization (which is what most pts get normally)
What does HDV require to assemble?
Presence of HBV (specifically HBsAg)
What is the clinical consequence of HDV infection in pts with chronic HBV infection?
Rapid progression of their HBV
Which hepatitis has the highest carrier rate?
HCV
What is currently the most common way to acquire HCV infection?
Needle sharing
What treatment gives the best results for HCV infection?
Pegylated INF-a and ribavirin together
Histopathology of HAV infection
Lymphoid cell infiltration, necrosis of liver parenchyma, proliferation of Kupfer cells
