Corynebacteria, Listeria, Baccilus, Other Aerobic and Facultative Gram Pos Rods

Question 1

What gram positive rods are capable of forming spores?

Answer 1

Bacillus

Question 2

Genus of gram positive, acid labile, Chinese letter appearance, non motile, catalase positive bacteria:

Answer 2

Corynebacterium

Question 3

What disease is caused by bacteria growing in the upper airway that produces a toxin that can spread systemically via pharyngeal and nasal areas?

Answer 3

Diptheria

Question 4

How is diptheria spread?

Answer 4

person to person via aerosolized droplets. (carriers can keep organism in resp tract for months)

Question 5

How does Corynebacterium Diptheriae carry the gene coding for exotoxin?

Answer 5

bacteriophage

Question 6

What does the diptheriae exotoxin do?

Answer 6

Shuts off protein synthesis

Question 7

What is used to make the toxoid vaccine for diptheria?

Answer 7

formalin

Question 8

The most common cause of death in dipheria is:

Answer 8

local damage to mucosa and submucosa results in leathery pseudomembrane which can slought off and cause blockages

Question 9

Second most common cause of death in diptheria is:

Answer 9

myocarditis

Question 10

How do you confirm Diptheria infection?

Answer 10

Tinsdale tellurite agar (selective and differential), will produce brown halo colony

Question 11

What is the treatment for diptheria?

Answer 11

Antitoxin and Erythromycin

Question 12

What is the difference between the toxin produced by Corynebacterium ulcerans and diptheriae?

Answer 12

Same toxin, less produced in ulcerans

Question 13

What is the most frequently isolated species of Corynebacterium from hospitalized patients?

Answer 13

Jeikeium (opportunisitic and often antibiotic resistant)

Question 14

Beta hemolysis plus tumbling motility identifies what organism?

Answer 14

Listeria Monocytogenes

Question 15

What are the routes of infection for listeria?

Answer 15

Contaminated food, Human carriers, Mother to newborn

Question 16

Where and how does listeria grow?

Answer 16

Macrophages. Attach by internalin, move within cell via listeriolysin

Question 17

What are the effects of listeria on a fetus?

Answer 17

spontaneous abortion or bacteremia and meningitis

Question 18

Where is the listeria culture obtained, and what is the treatment?

Answer 18

CSF, ampicillin

Question 19

Erysipeloid (associated with fisherment, butchers, and vets) is caused by- and treated with, what?

Answer 19

Erysipelothrix, penicillin or erythromycin

Question 20

Long , gram positive, catalase negative rods (grow anaerobically, but tolerate air) that are part of the normal flora of the vagina, gut, and mouth:

Answer 20

Lactobacillus

Question 21

An anaerobic diptheroid that can cause opportunisitc infections after eye trauma and orthopedic surgery:

Answer 21

Proprionibacterium acnes

Question 22

Spore forming, gram positive, aerobic, catalase positive rods that form dry, wrinkled, or mucoid colonies

Answer 22

Bacillus

Question 23

Classic Bacillus pathogen

Answer 23

Bacillus anthracis

Question 24

What bacillus species produces two toxins and what do they cause?

Answer 24

Cereus, entertoxin causing similar symptoms to cholera, pyogenic toxin causing destructive abscesses

Question 25

Beta hemolytic bacillus that can cause bacteremia:

Answer 25

subtilis

Question 26

Capsuled non hemolytic bacillus that produces a medusa head colony:

Answer 26

anthracis

Question 27

Modes of anthrax infection:

Answer 27

eating contaminated meat, breathing spores from wool or hair, skin contact with infected articles

Question 28

Three types of anthrax disease:

Answer 28

cutaneous lesions, ingestions of spores, pulmonary anthrax

Question 29

Three anthrax virulence factors:

Answer 29

edema, lethal, capsule

Question 30

When are antibiotics unsuccessful in an anthrax infection?

Answer 30

when large levels of lethal toxin are produced

Question 31

Describe cutaneous anthrax

Answer 31

most common, 20% untreated mortality, vesicle leaving necrotic ulcer and black center

Question 32

Describe GI anthrax

Answer 32

25-60 percent mortality, lesions on tongue or tonsil, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 33

Describe Pulmonary anthrax

Answer 33

inhaled spores wait to germinate until taken up by macrophages, leads to difficulty breathing and shock, rapidly fatal (86 percent)

Question 34

What kind of anthrax are antibiotics affective against?

Answer 34

replicating, not latent

Question 35

After treatment with penicillin, how can recurrent anthrax occur?

Answer 35

spores that survived