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Immunity, Infection and Disease > Enterobacteriaceae II > Flashcards

Enterobacteriaceae II Flashcards

1
Q

Typhoid Fever, Enteric Fevers, and Gastroenteritis are all clinical syndromes caused by what genus?

A

Salmonella

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2
Q

In Typhoid salmonella infections- how does the bacteria enter?

A

Through the cells lining the intestine- they are then engulfed by macrophages

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3
Q

The symptoms of Typhoid occur in 10-14 days and correspond to what?

A

Bacteremic phase (followed by colonization of gall bladder and reinfection of intestines)

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4
Q

At what sites does the organism causing Typhoid replicate?

A

liver, spleen, bone marrow

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5
Q

What is the reservoir for Typhoid fever?

A

People (1-5 percent chronic carriers- most common in gallbladder)

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6
Q

What is the most common syndrome caused by salmonella?

A

Gastroenteritis

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7
Q

Where does the salmonella that causes gastroenteritis replicate?

A

cells lining lumen of terminal small intestine

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8
Q

What gene protects salmonella from the acid of the stomach and phagosome?

A

ATR (acid tolerance response gene)

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9
Q

What secretion system adheres salmonella to microvilli?

A

Type III

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10
Q

What protects salmonella from intracellular killing?

A

Catalase and superoxide dismutase

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11
Q

Salmonella requires a large inoculum unless:

A

immunosuppressed or underlying disease (note- a small amt can become large in improperly stored and contaminated food)

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12
Q

How long does it take for salmonella gastroenteritis to resolve?

A

mild and self limited- 2 days to 1 wk

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13
Q

Septicemia occurs from what species of salmonella?

A

typhi and rare serotypes of entericia

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14
Q

What is the only common cause of shigellosis in the developed world?

A

Shigella sonnei

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15
Q

What age group does shigella affect, and how is it transmitted?

A

pediatric- 1-10. Fecal-Oral

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16
Q

Where does shigella attach and invade? What type of Secretion system?

A

M cells of Peyer’s Patches, Type 3

17
Q

What type of passage does shigella use?

A

cell to cell

18
Q

Cardinal features of Shigellosis (caused by shigella sonnei)

A

Lower abdominal cramps, tenesmus, pus and blood in stool

19
Q

Explain the exotoxin produced by shigella dysenteriae

A

Shiga Toxin: A subunit and 5 B subunits. B bind host glycolipid Gb3 and transfer A subunit into cell, where it cleaves 28SrRNA in 60S ribosomal subunit

20
Q

What Shigella species can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?

A

Shigella dysenteriae

21
Q

What pathogenic infection mimics appendicitis?

A

Yersinia

22
Q

What virulence genes for adherence does Yersinia carry?

A

yadA (adherence), yop (outer membrane, multi func), lcr (low calcium response regulatory)

23
Q

What does fraction I (FI) gene code for in Yersinia pestis? Plasminogen Activator (Pla)?

A

antiphagocytic proteins capsule. Degrades C3b and C5a to prevent opsonization and phagocytic migration (also degrades fibrin clots to allow yersinia pestis to spread)

24
Q

What are the two clinical types of Yersinia pestis?

A

Pneumonic (person to person pulm infection), bubonic (plague, no person to person, painful bubos in groin and axilla)

25
Q

Enteric Disease caused by Yersinia enterocolitica or Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is most often found in what climate/area?

A

Cold, Great Lakes

26
Q

What cells does Yersinia invade in enteric disease?

A

Terminal ileum

27
Q

What is responisble for the mucoid appearance and enhanced virulence of the Klebsiella genus?

A

Polysaccharide capsule

28
Q

Why are penicillins ineffective against Klebsiella?

A

produce B Lactamase

29
Q

What is a common cause of community acquired primary lobar pneumonia? What does it involve?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae, destruction of alveolar spaces, cavity formation, blood tinged sputum

30
Q

What is the most common disease produced by Proteus?

A

UTI

31
Q

What does Proteus produce and why is it relevant?

A

Urease- raises pH of urine causing renal stones and toxicity to uroepithelium

32
Q

What hospital acquired infections are often antibiotic resistant?

A

Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Morganella, Serratia

33
Q

What type of vaccine is used for Salmonella Typhi?

A

live attenuated

Immunity, Infection and Disease (86 decks)

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