VI. General and Special Animal Management Practices Flashcards
First milk secreted by the female mammal from the mammary gland on the first 3 -4 days after delivery.
important that all newborn must receive it soon after birth
Colostrum
General Procedures and considerations in attending Newborn Mammals after birth
- Wipe dry, clear airways or remove mucous membranes covering mouth and nostrils and keep warm
- Massage gently the rib cage to stimulate C-V system and breathing
- Cut umbilical (navel) cord and dip in antiseptic solution (e.g, iodine solution)
- Ensure suckling of colostrum
- Other considerations (optional): cutting of needle “milk teeth” (piglets), mark for identification, dock tail, castration, vaccination, medication, etc.. .
he caring for newly-hatched chicks by supplying heat and providing protective confinement until the time they can already regulate normal body temperature (4-5 weeks)
Brooding
Ideal Temperature for Brooding
Age (weeks)
0 — 1
Brooding Temperature (°C)
32.2 - 35.0
Ideal Temperature for Brooding
Age (weeks)
I — 2
Brooding Temperature (°C)
29.4 - 32.2
Ideal Temperature for Brooding
Age (weeks)
2 — 4
Brooding Temperature (°C)
26.7 - 29.4
is an enclosed area for the chick with a brooder lamp - incandescent bulb, gas or charcoal brooders to supply heat.
Artificial brooder
Common Method:
- Use of burdizzo / emasculator
- Surgical (incision method)
a. Close type
b. Open type
capons are usually grown for 17 — 20 weeks and markcted at 3.6 — 4.5 Kg dressed
done usually at 2 — 4 weeks of age. Single slit-incision is made on one side of the bird and both estes are removed
Caponization (poultry)
the removal of horns in cattle, goat, and sheep
Dehorning
Advantages of dehorning:
- Requires less space in feedlots. transit/shipment
- More uniform in appearance
- Prevent injuries to other animals, human handlers
4 Facilitates handling and management
Methods of dehorning:
- Debudding/disbudding
a. Chemical (use of caustic soda, commercial dehorning paste
b. Hot iron cautery - Dehorning iron
- Surgical (using Barnes dehorner. dehorning clipper. hand ‘electriewire saw
- Genetics 1)reeding (polled cattle)
cutting to reds ice excessive growth of hooves in sheep and goats, to prevent malformation of toes and prevent foot rot caused by combination of bacteria, manure or dirt that has accumulated inside the untrimmed hoof.
Hoof Trimming
It is most impossible to determine the sex of living chick embryo at the time the egg is laid of at anytime thereafter until hatching. However, there are certain management procedures where sex determination is important in the very early age of birds, and the earliest possible can be from day —old or hatching time onAards.
Sexing of Chicks
Methods of sexing chicks:
- Cloacallvent sexing
- Feather sexing
- Color sexing
Bad habit developed by some growing chickens, more commonly observed in hens and high producing birds, similar to feeding behavior by pecking different parts of the body (toe. feather, cloaca, head, wing. etc. ) in other birds resulting however to serious injury, bleeding, and even death of victim birds.
Cannibalism
Possible causes of cannibalism
- Imbalanced rations
- Overcrowding and insufficient feeding and drinking spaces
- Extended periods without feed and/or water
- Poor ventilation
- Excessive heat and too much light in the grow house
- Prompted by the presence of injuries or wounds or blood or mucus (e.g. inversion or prolapse of the oviduct)
Prevention (Cannibalism)
- Correction of the above possible causes (improvement of the environment and proper management)
- Debeaking or beak trimming
- Maintaining light at low intensity
- Dubbing
- Toe clippingg
reduction or cutting of the beak in young (usually within 9 days of age) birds (confined growing commercial broilersllayers) to routinely prevent problems such as cannibalism.
Debeaking or beak trimming
Behavioral problem observed in swine by biting ears or tails of other resulting to vyounding or injuries. This behavior may be result from mixing 2 or more groups of pig midway during feeding, or due to overcrowding or boredom
Tail or Ear Biting
cutting off the comb at day 1 in pullets to be placed in cages as large combs can become entangled in cage wires causing injuries, which may prompt bird to cannibalism.
Dubbing
Horses and most livestock animals, especially if they are tethered or individually and closely confined, may excessively lick and chew on wooden structures, which may probably due to boredom or irritation with constraint.
Chewing Fences/Stalls
common problem in herd animals demonstrated usually by cows and ewes after experiencing dystocia and parturition problems.
Newborn rejection
the process of losing/dropping of the feathers, after performance.
Molting (poultry)
Loss of yellow pigmentation (xanthophylls pigments) in yellow-skinned chickens as more eggs are laid.
Bleaching
