VI. General and Special Animal Management Practices

Question 1

First milk secreted by the female mammal from the mammary gland on the first 3 -4 days after delivery.

important that all newborn must receive it soon after birth

Answer 1

Colostrum

Question 2

General Procedures and considerations in attending Newborn Mammals after birth

Answer 2

1. Wipe dry, clear airways or remove mucous membranes covering mouth and nostrils and keep warm
2. Massage gently the rib cage to stimulate C-V system and breathing
3. Cut umbilical (navel) cord and dip in antiseptic solution (e.g, iodine solution)
4. Ensure suckling of colostrum
5. Other considerations (optional): cutting of needle “milk teeth” (piglets), mark for identification, dock tail, castration, vaccination, medication, etc.. .

Question 3

he caring for newly-hatched chicks by supplying heat and providing protective confinement until the time they can already regulate normal body temperature (4-5 weeks)

Answer 3

Brooding

Question 4

Ideal Temperature for Brooding

Age (weeks)
0 — 1

Answer 4

Brooding Temperature (°C)
32.2 - 35.0

Question 5

Ideal Temperature for Brooding

Age (weeks)
I — 2

Answer 5

Brooding Temperature (°C)
29.4 - 32.2

Question 6

Ideal Temperature for Brooding

Age (weeks)
2 — 4

Answer 6

Brooding Temperature (°C)
26.7 - 29.4

Question 7

is an enclosed area for the chick with a brooder lamp - incandescent bulb, gas or charcoal brooders to supply heat.

Answer 7

Artificial brooder

Question 8

Common Method:

Answer 8

1. Use of burdizzo / emasculator
2. Surgical (incision method)
   a. Close type
   b. Open type

Question 9

capons are usually grown for 17 — 20 weeks and markcted at 3.6 — 4.5 Kg dressed

done usually at 2 — 4 weeks of age. Single slit-incision is made on one side of the bird and both estes are removed

Answer 9

Caponization (poultry)

Question 10

the removal of horns in cattle, goat, and sheep

Answer 10

Dehorning

Question 11

Advantages of dehorning:

Answer 11

1. Requires less space in feedlots. transit/shipment
2. More uniform in appearance
3. Prevent injuries to other animals, human handlers
   4 Facilitates handling and management

Question 12

Methods of dehorning:

Answer 12

1. Debudding/disbudding
   a. Chemical (use of caustic soda, commercial dehorning paste
   b. Hot iron cautery
2. Dehorning iron
3. Surgical (using Barnes dehorner. dehorning clipper. hand ‘electriewire saw
4. Genetics 1)reeding (polled cattle)

Question 13

cutting to reds ice excessive growth of hooves in sheep and goats, to prevent malformation of toes and prevent foot rot caused by combination of bacteria, manure or dirt that has accumulated inside the untrimmed hoof.

Answer 13

Hoof Trimming

Question 14

It is most impossible to determine the sex of living chick embryo at the time the egg is laid of at anytime thereafter until hatching. However, there are certain management procedures where sex determination is important in the very early age of birds, and the earliest possible can be from day —old or hatching time onAards.

Answer 14

Sexing of Chicks

Question 15

Methods of sexing chicks:

Answer 15

1. Cloacallvent sexing
2. Feather sexing
3. Color sexing

Question 16

Bad habit developed by some growing chickens, more commonly observed in hens and high producing birds, similar to feeding behavior by pecking different parts of the body (toe. feather, cloaca, head, wing. etc. ) in other birds resulting however to serious injury, bleeding, and even death of victim birds.

Answer 16

Cannibalism

Question 17

Possible causes of cannibalism

Answer 17

1. Imbalanced rations
2. Overcrowding and insufficient feeding and drinking spaces
3. Extended periods without feed and/or water
4. Poor ventilation
5. Excessive heat and too much light in the grow house
6. Prompted by the presence of injuries or wounds or blood or mucus (e.g. inversion or prolapse of the oviduct)

Question 18

Prevention (Cannibalism)

Answer 18

1. Correction of the above possible causes (improvement of the environment and proper management)
2. Debeaking or beak trimming
3. Maintaining light at low intensity
4. Dubbing
5. Toe clippingg

Question 19

reduction or cutting of the beak in young (usually within 9 days of age) birds (confined growing commercial broilersllayers) to routinely prevent problems such as cannibalism.

Answer 19

Debeaking or beak trimming

Question 20

Behavioral problem observed in swine by biting ears or tails of other resulting to vyounding or injuries. This behavior may be result from mixing 2 or more groups of pig midway during feeding, or due to overcrowding or boredom

Answer 20

Tail or Ear Biting

Question 20

cutting off the comb at day 1 in pullets to be placed in cages as large combs can become entangled in cage wires causing injuries, which may prompt bird to cannibalism.

Answer 20

Dubbing

Question 21

Horses and most livestock animals, especially if they are tethered or individually and closely confined, may excessively lick and chew on wooden structures, which may probably due to boredom or irritation with constraint.

Answer 21

Chewing Fences/Stalls

Question 22

common problem in herd animals demonstrated usually by cows and ewes after experiencing dystocia and parturition problems.

Answer 22

Newborn rejection

Question 23

the process of losing/dropping of the feathers, after performance.

Answer 23

Molting (poultry)

Question 24

Loss of yellow pigmentation (xanthophylls pigments) in yellow-skinned chickens as more eggs are laid.

Answer 24

Bleaching