V. Breeds_Cattle Flashcards
Scientific Name of Cattle
European: Bos taurus
Indian/Tropical: Bos indicus
ENUMERATION
3 types:
- European,/Temperate Breeds (Bos taurus)
- Indian/Tropical Breeds (Bos indicus; humped cattle/ Zebu cattle)
- Exotic Breeds — refers to relatively recent breed arrivals/revivals
ENUMERATION
European,/Temperate Breeds (Bos taurus)
Angus (Scotland)
Hereford (England)
Shorthorn (England)
Red Angus (England)
ENUMERATION
Indian/Tropical Breeds (Bos indicus; humped cattle/ Zebu cattle)
Brahman (USA)
Guzerat (India)
Gir (India)
Krishna Valley (India)
Bhagnar (Pakistan)
Hariana (India)
ENUMERATION
- Exotic Breeds
a. African Breeds
Eloran
ankole watusi
Fulani
Africander
ENUMERATION
- Exotic Breeds
b. Dual-purpose Breeds
Milking shorthorn (England)
Red Sindhi (Pakistan)
Tharparkar (Pakistan)
Sahiwal (Pakistan)
Red Poll (England)
Beef Friesian (England)
Charolais (France) — beef and draft
Romagnola (Italy) — beef and draft
ENUMERATION
- Exotic Breeds
c. Triple-Purpose Breed
Chianina (Italy)
Welsh Black (England)
German Simmental (Germany)
ENUMERATION
- Exotic Breeds
d. U.S. Developed Breeds; Crossbreed Foundation; Other Exotic Breeds
Santa Gertrudis (5/8 shorthorn; 3/8 Brahman) USA
Indu-Brazil (Guzerat, Gir, Nellore and other Zebu breeds)
Beefmaster (1/4 Hereford; % shorthorn; ¥% Brahman) USA
Brangus (3/8 Brahman; 5/8 Angus) USA
Red Brangus (Mutation from black Brangus) USA
Braford (5/8 Hereford; 3/8 Brahman) USA
Charbay (5/8 Charolais; 3/8 Brahman) USA
Droughtmaster (3/4 — 7/8 Shorthorn; % - 1/8 Brahman) USA
Beefalo (3/8 Bison; 3/8 Charolais; 2/8 Hereford) USA
ENUMERATION
Dairy Breeds
Ayrshire (Scotland)
Brown Swiss (Switzerland)
Guernsey (France/Germany)
Jersey (France/Germany)
Holstein-Friesian (Netherland)
Girolando (Brazil) — Holstein-Friesian and Gir
ENUMERATION
A. Beef Type
- Charolais
- Santa Gertrudis
- Brahman
- Aberdeen-Angus
- Red Angus
- Hereford
- Polled Hereford
- Shorthorns
- Polled Shorthorns
- Other breeds
IDENTIFICATION
Powerful, large bodied, white animal weighing 1,520 Ibs (cow) to 2,510 Ibs (bull)
Originating from the Charolles district in central France
Coat: solid, creamy white color (light cream); spotless, uniformly tight-colored mucous membrane
Head: fairly small and short, with a broad forehead and muzzle; well developed jaws; long round white horn
Body: deep chest; round ribs merging with shoulders; straight and muscular back; very wide and thick loins; large hips, slightly recessed, large rump; deep, well-developed thighs.
Legs: fairly short, not to thin, standing well
Noted for its big body conformation, with long side, heavy muscled and lacks the smoothness of the British breeds
Charolais
IDENTIFICATION
Famous red cattle of Texas
Result of a good blending of shorthorn (5/8) and the Brahman (3/8)
Heavy breed, the mature weighing 1,700lbs and the cows 1,200lbs
Developed at the King’s Ranch, Texas, maybe considered as the first new breed of Cattle produced in America
Beef type
Cherry red colors, dropping and pendant ears, smooth and compact body conformation, and a loose hide that folds at the underline portion of the body inherited from a Brahman parentage
Hardy breed that can adapt itself to tropical and sub-tropical climates. Even in semi-arid grazing condition it can survive on scanty grasses
Resistant to heat and insect pests
Santa Gertrudis
IDENTIFICATION
The name Brahman or Zebu applies to all indigenous cattle of India
Characterized by a prominent hump above the shoulders, an abundance loose, pendulous skin and a loose hanging dewlap. It is narrow in body, rather long and is very thin of middle
Chief asset is its very adaptability to a warm humid climate such as is prevailing in the gulf coat of Texas and the Philippines
Also immune to Texas fever, and not bothered easily by ticks and flies
Good forages and regular brooders, and very active
Disadvantage is their tendency to become wild under range condition
Expected weight at maturity is 1,700lbs (cow) and 1,200Ibs (bull)
Foundation stock for new breed such as Santa Gertrudis, Brangus, Beefmaster, Braford
Brahman
IDENTIFICATION
One of the most outstanding breeds of cattle in the US
Originates in Northern Scotland
Black with little white on the underline on the area of the navel
Characteristically polled
Resistant to eye disease, particularly cancer of the eye and pink eye
Calves are usually smaller than other calves but at weaning they weigh equal with most calves of other breeds if not more
Body conformation in general is smooth, medium in size, adequate in length of side, properly trimmed and well muscled
Aberdeen-Angus
IDENTIFICATION
Comes out of the black angus herd even if the parents are black (black angus carry a red gene)
Body conformation in general is similar to that black Aberdeen Angus (came from same ancestry)
Deep red color
Red Angus
IDENTIFICATION
Native of England (originated in the Hereford)
Red-colored bodies with white faces and often referred to as white faced cattle
White is also found on the flank, underline, crest, breast, tail switch, below the hock, knees, and hind and forelegs
Body conformations are muscular, moderate to long body size, adequate length of leg, large in size, smooth, and well-trimmed
Fleshing is adequate in the regions of valuable cuts as on back, loin, and hind quarters
Also very hardy an well known for its vigor and foraging ability
Hereford
IDENTIFICATION
Same as Hereford except absence of horn
Polled Hereford
IDENTIFICATION
Northeaster England comprising of countries of Durham, York, and Northumberland
Body conformation is large, well-muscled and rectangular in shape
Color ranges from red to white and all the combination of these two colors from the spotted white to roan
Shorthorns
IDENTIFICATION
Developed out of the purebred shorthorn except it is hornless
Polled Shorthorns
IDENTIFICATION
cross between Brahman and Angus
Brangus
IDENTIFICATION
Triple cross of Brahman, Hereford, and Shorthorn
Beefmaster
IDENTIFICATION
cross between Charolais and Brahman
Charbray
IDENTIFICATION
5/8 shorthorn; 3/8 Brahman
Santa Gertrudis
IDENTIFICATION
Guzerat, Gir, Nellore and other Zebu breeds
Indu-Brazil
IDENTIFICATION
1/4 Hereford; 1/4 shorthorn; 1/2 Brahman
Beefmaster
IDENTIFICATION
3/8 Brahman; 5/8 AnguS
Brangus
IDENTIFICATION
Mutation from black Brangus
Red Brangus
IDENTIFICATION
5/8 Hereford; 3/8 Brahman
Braford
IDENTIFICATION
5/8 Charolais; 3/8 Brahman
Charbay
IDENTIFICATION
3/4 — 7/8 Shorthorn; 1/4- 1/8 Brahman
Droughtmaster
IDENTIFICATION
3/8 Bison; 3/8 Charolais; 2/8 HereforD
Beefalo
ENUMERATION
B. Dairy Breed of Cattle
- Holstein Friesian
- Guernsey
- Jersey
- Brown Swiss
IDENTIFICATION
Native of Holland (known there as Friesian, other country known as Holstein
Heavy milk producers
Combination of black and white (legs are always white below the hock)
Switch is also white, amount of black and white may vary (no pure white or black)
Any combination which does not fall within this description is not considered a Holstein
Standard weight for cow is 1,250lbs and bull is 1,800lbs
Ruggedly built with emphasis on the big feeding capacity to hold a volume of milk
Head is straight, long and narrow, thighs are straight while the withers have rounded orientation
By nature the breed is docile, although some males show slight vicious tendencies
Considered excellent grazers especially in pastures of mixed grasses and legumes
Ordinarily the breed cannot thrive on a poor pasture growth
Noted for milk low in fat, at average of 3.66%
Calves are big and steers produce an excellent carcass noted for light fat color
Holstein Friesian
IDENTIFICATION
Originated from Island of Guernsey, France
Typical color is fawn to almost red, with white markings on the legs, flanks, switch, and sometimes on the face and body
Colar of the nose is buff to smoky, and the skin is yellow
Body conformation is slightly rugged, usually rough on the rump and weak on the loin; udders are not as symmetrical as that of the Jersey and the face is double dished and longer than that of the Jersey
Performance as a milk breed is comparable to that of the Holstein and Jersey except that it contains high percentage of milk fat
As agrazeritis average and not as efficient as the Holstein on good pastures and in poor pasture not as efficient as the Jersey
¢ Ordinarily the breed is alert and active but not nervous (easy to manage)
Guernsey
IDENTIFICATION
Originated on the island of Jersey in the English Channel
smallest of the dairy breed (cow weighs about 1000 lbs and bull is about 1300Ibs)
Typical color ranging from fawn to black sometimes white spotting also occurs
Tongue and switch may be black or white, while muzzle is black and with white ring encircling it
Toplines are straight, with level rumps and sharp withers, in their head have a double dish
Udders are well developed, both in shape and in attachments
Inclined to be nervous and sensitive, and tamed under good management, but vicious when abuses
Bullis naturally vicious under unfavorable conditions
Considered very efficient foragers even in poor pastures
Jersey
IDENTIFICATION
Come from mountainous areas of Switzerland
Coat calor varies from a light fawn to almost black
Muzzle and stripe along the backbone are light in color ; tongue, nose, horn tips, and switch are black
largest and meatiest dairy cattle, Rugged and cow weigh as much as 14001bs
also considered as a major source of beef
characteristic has large bones, large head switch, thick and loose skin
docile and easily tamed
good grazer (ruggedness)
Steers produce good meat with white fat
milk production at average is 11,3921bs of milk and 463Ibs of fat with 4.07% milk fat in 305 days
Brown Swiss
