II. Fundamentals of Animal Production Flashcards
Animals have the following distinctive attributes that enhance the ability of an agricultural system to produce food for man:
a. Animals can feed on the convert plants and other materials which would have otherwise gone to waste, into rich human food; and
b. Animal products have chemical composition that closely resemble man’s dietary requirement and therefore more digestible and nutritious
Farm animals and their uses.
A. Mammals
- Horse
MAIN USES
Traction, transport and amusement
Farm animals and their uses.
A. Mammals
- Ass
MAIN USES
Traction and transport
Farm animals and their uses.
A. Mammals
- Mule
MAIN USES
Traction and transport
Farm animals and their uses.
A. Mammals
- Camel
MAIN USES
Transport (meat, milk and hide)
Farm animals and their uses.
A. Mammals
- European Cattle (no hump)
MAIN USES
Traction and transport
Farm animals and their uses.
A. Mammals
- Indian Cattle (with hump)
MAIN USES
Traction and transport
Farm animals and their uses.
A. Mammals
- Buffalo
MAIN USES
Meat, milk, traction and transport
Farm animals and their uses.
A. Mammals
- Sheep
MAIN USES
Meat, milk and wool
Farm animals and their uses.
A. Mammals
- Goat
MAIN USES
Meat and milk
Farm animals and their uses.
A. Mammals
- Pigs
MAIN USES
Meat
Farm animals and their uses.
A. Mammals
11. Rabbit
MAIN USES
Meat and skin
Farm animals and their uses.
B. Birds
1. Chicken
MAIN USES
Meat, eggs and amusement
Farm animals and their uses.
B. Birds
- Mallard Duck
MAIN USES
Meat and eggs
Farm animals and their uses.
B. Birds
- Muscovy Duck
MAIN USES
Meat and eggs
Farm animals and their uses.
B. Birds
- Goose
MAIN USES
Meat and eggs
Farm animals and their uses.
B. Birds
- Turkey
MAIN USES
Meat and eggs
Farm animals and their uses.
B. Birds
- Pigeon
MAIN USES
Meat and amusement
Farm animals and their uses.
B. Birds
- Quail
MAIN USES
Meat and eggs
Farm animals and their uses.
B. Birds
- Guinea fowl
MAIN USES
Meat
- it denotes a deeper meaning than the term animal husbandry which connotes animal agriculture or nursing
animals
Old Definition of Animal Science (1970)
- the term animal science connotes a deeper knowledge and understanding of the animal body and responses to outside factors to bring about the desirable efficiency in production out of the animal being raised
Old Definition of Animal Science (1970)
- animal science and animal husbandry are terms equivalent to Zootechny (form Greek words: Zoon meaning life and techne meaning art or skill)
Old Definition of Animal Science (1970)
is an art, science, and industry of breeding, feeding, care and management, and the marketing and processing of animals and their products for the purpose of obtaining profit from the enterprise.
Animal Science
- Selection of animals is based on beauty and good looks aside from efficiency of production
Animal Science as an Art
- There are number of experimentations that need to be done in animal production to ascertain adaptability,
efficiency of performance, system of management to use, inheritance of desirable traits and animal health to
extract the most products from animals to meet human needs.
Animal Science as a Science
- Art and science are combined to make animal production a profitable activity
- Available information and observation that will make the activity an economic one and the project stay competitive in the market are important in evaluation of decisions by the raiser
- Proper knowledge of breeding, feeding, management systems based on updated information and desirable marketing practices must combine harmoniously to bring desired profit and brings the business concept to
animal production
Animal Science as Industry
Objectives for raising animals
- Profit – for animal production
- Aesthetic value of psychological satisfaction – for raising the animals as pet
Advantages of Animal Production
- A form of progressive agriculture
- A type of diversified farming
- Conversion of plant materials into valuable products
- Sources of good food for the family
- Utilization of products of factories
- Animals improve soil fertility
- It leads to the utilization of idle or non-arable lands
- It leads to the utilization of land where labor is scarce
- It has a good distribution of labor
- Animal production makes good use of farm wastes
- It reduces living expenses
Animal production can maintain or improve the fertility of the soil by enriching it with their manure and urine by:
a. organic matter added to the soil conserves moisture
b. enhances the growth of the population of beneficial microorganism
c. maintains proper soil pH suitable for plant growth
d. bind soil particles to minimize soil erosion due to wind and water
Disadvantages of Animal Production
- Big capital is necessary to start the animal project
- Animal Products are perishable
- Diseases cause big losses
- Feed problems
- Marketing problems
- Transportation problems
- Prices of animals always lag behind those of feeds
One who take care of the animal machine or specialist in the science of raising animal
The animal Husbandman
Classifications of Animal Husbandman:
- Non-technical animal husbandman
* No formal training or schooling
* Knowledge is based on experience or observation - Technical animal husbandman
* Has formal schooling or training
Desirable traits of a good husbandman
- Ability to know the habits of animals
- Ability to discern beauty and unsightliness
- Good physique
- Kindness to animals
- Self-reliance
- Intelligence and resourcefulness
- Prudence and courage
- Honesty and reliability
- Punctuality and regularity
- Diligence
- Thrift
- Foresight
Deviation which are considered stressful on animals are:
a. change in feeding
b. change in personnel
c. loud noise
d. stray animals
e. visitors
f. vaccinations
g. medications
h. unnecessary handling
i. extremely high and low temperature
j. change in humidity (rainfall)
k. inclement weather
l. diseases
The role of the Animal Husbandman
- By aptitude and training, he should be skilled at breeding, feeding, care and management of farm animals.
- He is NOT A VETERINARIAN
- He is a crop and forage producer
Factors in Successful operation of an Animal Enterprise
- Proper selection of stocks and proper breeding
- Proper housing and facilities
- Proper feeding
- Proper care and management practices
- Proper selection and culling
- Proper disease prevention and control
- Proper marketing
Factors to consider in determining the kind of animal project to engage in which may be considered in making
feasibility study
- Individual preference
- Capital
- Availability of Land
- Availability of Labor
- Location
- Availability of feeds
- Water supply
- Market outlet
- Transportation facilities
- Wholesomeness of the environment desired
Study must be made of the demand of animal products in the market. Includes:
a. knowledge of the capacity of the buyers to pay for certain products
b. competing commodities in the market
early nomadic hunted animals to obtain primarily food and their other
basic needs (clothing, medicine)
Old Stone age (10,000-8000 BC)
Human started to domesticate animals by confining, breeding and raising them in captivity (animal farming or husbandry) to ensure steady supply of their needs and became settled
New Stone age (8000-6000 BC)
this was the start of animal science
activities from hunting to farming (animal agriculture) through domesticating
Some contribution of animals to man:
- Food protein of high biological value
- Enhancement of diet palatability
- Soil conversion and enhancement
- Stabilizers of our food economy
- Companion animal and pleasure
- Draft power and transportation
- Fiber, medicine, other products
- Genetic variation and nature conversion
common mammalian farm animals such as cattle, buffalo, hog, goat, sheep and horse
livestock
domestic avian species or birds such
as chicken, duck, turkey, goose, quail etc.
Poultry
Livestock and poultry animals have adapted commercial characters by:
- Survive well in confinement under intensive system
- Utilize various commercial mix rations/feed
- Grow and produce rapidly/ high yield and efficiency
- Have docile and good temperament
non-traditional forms of animal agriculture
- crocodile farming
- ostrich
- wild buffaloes
- deer
- bison
- mountain goat
- other wild animals
refers to the process of adapting the behavior of animals to fit human needs
Domestication
used to refer to smaller creatures of becoming conventional domesticated livestock
Microlivestock
-marine or aquatic intensive production
-involves the propagation, rearing and marketing of fish, seafood and other marine products (e.g. oyster, shrimp, tilapia) in selected or controlled/modified environments
Aquaculture
Importance of Animal Husbandry/management in Animal Production
To continuously benefit man, man must be carried out in a manner being efficient
refers to the physiological well being of animals.
Animal health
Control of diseases/problems of Livestock and poultry will be successful through:
- prompt and accurate disease diagnosis
- appropriate treatment/cure of disease is present
- planned measures and programs for disease prevention and management (example: herd health program vaccination, deworming/delousing, supplementation, regular testing, Biosecurity etc.)
The role of veterinarian in livestock and poultry farms
member of farm management team or
heads the animal health section/division.
