Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Tyskland NOTES > VFR MET > Flashcards

VFR MET Flashcards

1
Q

1 QNH = 1012 hPa, FE = 510 ft, calculate the QFE and the QNE.

A

QFE = 995 hPa

QNE = 540 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 QFE = 997 hPa, FE = 720 ft, calculate the QNH and the pressure altitude.

A 
QNH = 1021 hPa
PA = 480 ft
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 QNH = 1009 hPa, FE = 200 ft. Calculate the altitude and the height of FL075.

A

Height = 7180ft

Altitude = 7380ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 QNH = 1020 hPa, FE = 180 ft. Calculate the altitude and the height of FL060.

A

Altitude = 6210 ft

Height = 6030 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

5 QNH is 1018 hPa. What does the altimeter indicate at FL060 after the setting has been changed to QNH?

A

6150 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

6 Field elevation = 250 ft, QNH = 1001 hPa; the pilot (on the runway) has set 1007 hPa to the altimeter. What is the reading of the pressure altimeter?

A

430 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

7 Field elevation = 900 ft, QNH = 1015 hPa; a helicopter has landed with the correct altimeter setting. During night the pressure rises by 4 hPa. What does the altimeter indicate the next morning?

A

780ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

(Very good question) 8 List the general features of a low in the northern hemisphere.

A

Air pressure is lower than in its surrounding

Wind blows counter-clockwise around the center

Air ascends and is cooled according to dry and moist adiabatic lapse rates

Clouds form

Bad weather (precipitation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

9 List the general features of an anticyclone in the northern hemisphere.

A

Air pressure is higher than in its surroundings

Wind blows clockwise

Air descends and is warmed according to the dry adiabatic lapse rate

Clouds dissipate

Fine weather

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

10 Determine the vertical movement and the effect on the wind speed at a surface convergence.

A

Rising air, wind speed increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

11 Determine the vertical movement and the effect on the wind speed at a surface divergence.

A

Sinking air, wind speed decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

12 Which change of wind speed and which vertical motion can you expect on the surface weather map below at positions a and at b?

A

A) Wind speed increase, rising air

B) Wind speed decreases, sinking air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

(Very good question) 13. Which pressure systems exist at 60°N, at the equator, at the North Pole, and at 30°N?

A

Low pressure = At the equator and at 60°N

High pressure = At 30°N and at the north pole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

14 Determine the prevailing wind direction between

a. equator and 30N°.
b. 30°N and 60°N.
c. 60°N and the North Pole.

A

A) NE

B) SW

C) NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(Very good question) 15 Which cloud type can you expect

a. in an unstable maritime polar airflow?
b. in a stable maritime tropical airflow?

A

a) Cumuliform clouds
b) Stratiform clouds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

16 Define

a. warm front and
b. cold front.

A

a) Warm air replacing cold air - Leading edge of a warm air mass.
b) Cold air replacing warm air - Leading edge of a cold air mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

17 A typical warm front is approaching. Which cloud type and which precipitation type can be expected, until the front passes.

A

Stratiform clouds.

Continous precipitation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

18 A warm front approaches. Describe the development of visibility, ceiling and air pressure until the front reaches your place.

A

Visibility Deteriorates

Ceiling Lowers

Pressure Falls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

19 Which turbulence and aircraft icing in clouds can you expect at a typical warm front and how does the air temperature change at the frontal passage?

A

Light turbulence

Rime ice

Rising temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

(Very good question) 20 Which particular conditions do you expect at a warm front with exceptional unstable conditions?

A

TCU and CB with showers and thunderstorms are embedded within stratiform clouds.

(Page 11)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

21 Where within a low is the warm sector situated and which air mass contacts the ground within the warm sector?

A

Between the warm front and cold front. The warm air mass contacts the ground.

Page 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

22 Which amount of clouds, precipitation and visibility do you expect in the warm sector?

A

BKN (Broken) clouds

Temporary precipitation

MOD (Moderate) visibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

*23 Which type of stability do you expect at cold front type I and which at cold front type II?

A

Stability cold front type I: Unstable

Stability cold front type II: Stable

Page 12-13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

24 Which turbulence, temperature change and pressure change can you expect at a cold front type I?

A

MOD-SEV Turbulence

Falling temp

Rising pressure with frontal passage and behind

Page 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

*25 Which clouds, visibility, weather phenomena and aircraft icing do you expect at the passage of a cold front type I?

A

CU, TCU, CB

Poor visibility in precipitation, outside good

Showers, Hail, Thunderstorms

Clear ice

Page 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

26 Which clouds, visibility, weather phenomena and aircraft icing do you expect at cold front type II?

A

Mainly NS, AS

Poor visibility

Continous precipitation

Mixed and Rime ice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

27 What is the name of the area behind a cold front and which conditions (regarding precipitation, cloud type, aircraft icing, turbulence, visibility) can you expect?

A

Rearside

Isolated Showers

Cumuliform (CU, CTU, CB)

Clear ice

MOD turbulence

Exelent visibility (outside precipitation)

Page 14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

(Very good question) 28 Explain the formation of an occlusion.

A

Occurs when coldfront overtakes warmfront and the warm air mass is lifted of the ground.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

29 Which weather conditions do you expect at an occlusion?

A

Mixed warm front and cold front conditions. Usually extremely bad weather.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

*30 Where do you normally expect a squall line?

A

In the warm sector, ahead of and parallel to the cold front.

Page 17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

31 Which cloud type, weather phenomena and wind do you expect along a squall line, a line of instability, a trough line?

A

Cumiliform clouds.

Showers, hail or thunderstorms.

Gusty wind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

32 A typical low approaches Germany. List the correct sequence at which cold front, rear side, warm front and warm sector will cross Germany.

A

Warm front - Warm sector - Cold front - Rear side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

33 Below the vertical cross section of a typical low with a cold front type I and a normal warm front is shown.

a. Name the areas within which point A and point C are situated.
b. Which pressure change can you expect at A, B, C, and E?

A

A) Point A: Rear side, Point C: Warm sector

B) A = Rising pressure, B = Rising pressure, C = Same pressure, D = Falling pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

34 Below the vertical cross section of a typical low with a cold front type I and a normal warm front is shown.

a. Determine the type of stability at A, B, and E.
b. Which temperature change can you expect at A, B, C and D?

A

a) A: Unstable, B: Unstable, E: Stable
b) A: Falling, B: Falling, C: No change, D: Rising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

35 Below the vertical cross section of a typical low with a cold front type II and a warm front with unstable air is shown.

a. At which of points (A, B, C) can you expect CB/TCU?
b. At which of points (A, B, C) can you expect NS?

A

a) C
b) A and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

36 Below the vertical cross section of a typical low with a cold front type I and a normal warm front is shown. Point A reports a visibility of 9 km and cirrostratus with a base at 20,000 ft. Which development of visibility and ceiling, which clouds and weather phenomena do you expect at point A before the front passes?

A

Visibility deteriorates

Ceiling lowers

AS, NS ST

Continuous precipitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

37 Below the vertical cross section of a typical low with a cold front type I and a normal warm front is shown.

a. List the clouds and weather phenomena at point B.
b. At which of the given points do you expect the strongest turbulence?

A

a) Clouds: CU, TCU, CB, Weather phenomena: Showers, hail and thunderstorms
b) B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

38 Below the vertical cross section of a typical low with a cold front type I and a normal warm front is shown.

a. Which aircraft icing can you expect in clouds above freezing level at points A, B and D?
b. The wind at point C is 250° 16 kt. To which direction will the wind shift and what happens with the speed during frontal passage at point B?

A

a) A: Clear, B: Clear, D: Rime
b) Shift to W-NW (270-290), wind speed increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

*39 There is moderate icing. What happens to thrust and lift, drag and weight of an aircraft?

A

Thrust and lift is reduced.

Drag and weight increase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

*40 What is the special effect of aircraft icing on

a. rotors and engines?
b. moveable parts of an aircraft?

A

a) Vibrations and damages to rotors and engines
b) Can make moving parts inoperable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

41 State the temperature range, at which icing in clouds usually occurs.

A

0 to -20°C

42
Q

*42 Within which kind of clouds do you expect severe icing?

A

In young TCU

Cumiliform at fronts and in CB

Upsloping clouds at windward side of mountains

43
Q

(Very good question) 43 Which type of ice can you expect

a. in CU at -5°C
b. in TCU at -15°C
c. in AS at -11°C
d. in FZRA
e. in NS at -25°C?

A

a) Clear
b) Rime
c) Rime
d) Clear
e) No ice or traces

44
Q

(Very good question) 44 Which type of ice can you expect

a. in CB at -8°C
b. in AC at -15°C
c. in CS at -30°C
d. in +FZDZ
e. in NS at -5°C?

A

a) Clear
b) Rime
c) No ice
d) Clear
e) Rime

45
Q

45 Explain frost.

A

Ice crystals which form due to sublimation.

46
Q

46 There are clouds at 8,000 ft GND causing precipitation. The air temperature near surface is negative; between 1000 ft GND and 2000 ft GND a layer of positive air temperature is situated. Which hazard can be expected during final approach?

A

FZRA

47
Q

47 The temperature near surface is -4 °C, aloft is overcast AS out of which rain falls. Which hazard can you expect near surface?

A

FZRA

48
Q

48 At which position is freezing precipitation most likely? The picture shows a typical frontal system during winter.

A

D

49
Q

49 What is necessary for the formation of a thunderstorm?

A

Unstable atmosphere

High moisture content in the air

Lifting action

50
Q

50 ETHC reports TSRA and an obscured sky. Which cloud is present?

A

CB

51
Q

*51 Where do

a. air mass thunderstorms occur?
b. frontal thunderstorms occur?

A

a) Isolated within airmasses
b) Along fronts

52
Q

*52 Which type of air mass thunderstorm is caused

a. by thermal lifting or a converging airflow?
b. by mechanical lifting over mountains?

A

a) Convective TS
b) Orographic TS

53
Q

*53 List 8 thunderstorm hazards.

A

Lightning

Hail

Gusty surface wind

Severe turbulence

Severe icing

Rapid reduction of visibility

Lowering ceiling

Altimeter errors

Radar/Radio disturbances

Aquaplaning on RWYs and taxiways

Downburst / microburst

54
Q

*54 It is a sunny day in June; the atmosphere is moist and unstable. Which hazard may develop during the afternoon?

A

Convective TS

55
Q

55 There is a moist and unstable westerly airflow. Which hazard can you expect over the Black Forest?

A

Orographic TS

56
Q

56 When penetrating a thunderstorm, within which levels is encountered:

a. the greatest risk of icing?
b. the greatest risk of lightning strokes?

A

a) Between freezing level and -10°C
b) Freezing level +/- 5000ft

57
Q

57 Why is hail a weather hazard?

A

It causes damage.

Reduces visibilty

Can make safe ground operations impossible

58
Q

58 In which cloud is hail likely?

A

CB

59
Q

59 What is the cause of

a. convective turbulence?
b. mechanical turbulence?

A

a) Heating from below
b) Strong winds above obstacles. Strong winds near the ground.

60
Q

60 During a summer afternoon the wind at ETSB is calm, the air temperature is +28°C, a light aircraft is at final approach. Which hazard can you expect?

A

Convective turbulence/Thermal turbulence

61
Q

61 The wind at ETSA is 250° 20 kt, gusts 34 kt. Which hazard can you expect during a low-level flight?

A

Mechanical turbulence/Dynamic turbulence

62
Q

62 Which hazard can you expect in a strong, dry and stable westerly airflow over the Harz mountains?

A

Mechanical turbulence/Dynamic turbulence

mountain waves

63
Q

63 Over the Alps a wind of 190°80 kt, gusts 102 kt is blowing. Within which area can you expect severe turbulence?

A
  • Above the alps
  • North of the alps)
64
Q

64 At which side of a mountain can mountain waves be expected and what hazard is associated with a mountain wave?

A

Lea side. (Downstream) And above mountain

Severe turbulence.

65
Q

65 What is wind shear, where does it occur and which hazard does it create?

A

Sudden change of wind direction and/or wind speed.

Occurs at fronts and inversions.

Causes turbulence.

66
Q

66 The following table shows upper winds:

FL080 200°20 kt; FL085 210°25 kt; FL090 280°38 kt

Which phenomenon can you expect between FL085 and FL090?

A

Wind shear

67
Q

67 The following table shows upper winds. Between which levels can you expect a wind shear?

1000 ft GND 090° 10KT, 1500 ft GND 100° 9KT,

2000 ft GND 230° 10KT, 3000 ft GND 230° 11 KT.

A

1500ft - 2000ft GND

68
Q

68 At a clear sky an ascending aircraft passes a well defined inversion at 1200 ft GND. Which phenomenon is likely at the inversion?

A

Wind shear

69
Q

69 A helicopter crosses a cold front below clouds in VMC; there is no hail and no thunderstorm. Which phenomenon is likely during the frontal passage?

A

Wind shear

70
Q

70 What is a microburst and where can you expect a microburst?

A

Strong down draft below and in vicinity of a TS.

71
Q

71 An Airbus A320 approaches ETNL. 2 km in its rear an EC 135 crosses its flight path. Which phenomenon is likely?

A

Wake turbulence.

72
Q

*72 Explain the formation of radiation fog.

A

Forms during calm and clear nights, when the surface is cooled by radiation and the air above is cooled by contact until condensation occurs.

73
Q

73 The following information is issued at 2020Z:

ETHC 222020Z 09003KT 8000 FEW090 04/01 Q1001 BLU+=

ETHB 222020Z 08012KT 4300 BR OVC010 04/02 Q1002 GRN=

At which airbase is the development of radiation fog most likely?

A

ETHC

74
Q

74 The following conditions are reported by ETNW:

at 2020Z: wind variable 2 kt, visibility 5 km, scattered Cirrus, temperature 10°C, dew point 4°C.

at 2120Z: wind 200° 2 kt, visibility 1.5 km, BR, sky clear, temperature 6°C, dew point 4°C.

What weather phenomenon is likely during the next hours?

A

Radiation fog.

75
Q

75 Explain the formation of advection fog.

A

Forms when moist air moves over a colder surface and is cooled by contact until condensation occurs.

76
Q

76 Air (temperature 4°C, dew point 1°C) moves over a frozen lake. Which weather phenomenon can you expect to develop?

A

Advection fog

77
Q

77 Explain the formation of upslope fog.

A

Forms when moist air moves up sloping terrain and is cooled adiabatically until condensation occurs.

78
Q

78 There is a moist and stable NW-ly airflow over S-Germany. At which place can you expect upslope fog:

A

Meßtetten

79
Q

79 Stuttgart (field elevation 1300 ft) reports the following data: wind 350°20 kt, temperature/dew point: M04°C/M07°C; the atmosphere is stable. Can you expect upslope fog at the northern side of the Schwäbische Alb (elevation 2800 ft MSL), and if so, at/above which elevation?

A

Yes, above 2500 ft.

(Fieldelevation + Spread x 400ft)

80
Q

80 Explain the formation of frontal fog and where is it most likely?

A

Result of moist added to air until condensation occurs. Ahead of approaching warm front.

81
Q

81 The cross section shows a typical low crossing Germany from West. At which of the given places is frontal fog most likely?

A

EDDM

82
Q

82 Explain evaporation fog.

A

Moisture added from underlying warm water to cold and stable air until condensation occurs.

83
Q

83 The water of a river has a temperature of +1°C. The temperature of the resting air above is -10°C, the dew point is -12°C. Which type of fog is likely to develop?

A

Evapouration fog

84
Q

84 Name the seasons with the greatest bird migration?

A

Fall and spring

85
Q

*85 Under which circumstances a Bw helicopter pilot has to submit a PIREP to the appropriate ATC unit?

A
  • When weather conditions differs considerably.
  • When unusual conditions are encountered.
  • In case of a missed approach due to poor meteorological conditions.
86
Q

86 Define isobars.

A

Lines connecting places of same air pressure

87
Q

87 Which is the unicolor symbol for an occlusion in a surface analysis chart?

A

[Purple line with half circles and triangles]

88
Q

88 Attached you find a surface forecast chart for tomorrow 1200z. Any fronts will show usual character.

a: Which wind direction and speed (light, moderate, strong), which cloud type and which precipitation type do you expect at point A tomorrow between 1200 and 1400z?
b: Which weather development do you expect at point B tomorrow during the day and during the following night?

A

A) Wind direction 220 (SW), strong winds, stratiform clouds, continuous precipitation

B) Fine day, clear night with risk of mist/fog forming during the night.

89
Q

89 For which corridor width, given in the route forecast DB-518, the forecast is normally valid?

A

Along the planned route and +10 km on each side of route (right+left)

90
Q

90 Which is the forecast period of the route forecast DB-518.

A

Planned T/O until 1h after planned LDG.

91
Q

91 Which two basic parts are required in the weather forecast?

A

Written documentation.

Oral advice by contact to forecaster

92
Q

(Very good question) 92 Explain the expression “void after” in the weather forecast process.

A

Time until when T/O must have taken place.

Otherwise forecast is invalid.

Valid max 3h after the issue time (time of oral briefing) unless extended.

Can be extended max 2h.

93
Q

93 Explain the expression “weather check” in the weather forecast process.

A

In case of uncertainty in the weather development the forecaster may determine a weather check at a certain forecast office and/or until a certain time.

94
Q

*94 Explain the expression “recommended route for VFR flights” in the weather forecast process.

A

For VFR-flights: For the case, that expected weather conditions on a planned route (or parts of it) will be below admissible minima, the forecaster will consider to recommend a route, on which the minima are not undercut. The recommended route is documented in the forecast.

95
Q

95 Under which circumstance the weather forecaster records sunrise or sunset and/or civil twilight times into the route forecast DB-518?

A

If the estimated T/O and LDG time is within +/-1h of this data.

96
Q

(Very good question) 96 Explain the expression “ISOL” in the weather forecast process.

A

Affected portion

ISOL <= 10%

97
Q

(Very good question) 97 Explain the expression “LOC” in the weather forecast process.

A

Affected portion:

10% < LOC <=25%

98
Q

(Very good question) 98 Explain the expression “FRQ” in the weather forecast process.

A

Affected portion:

25% < FRQ < 50%

99
Q

99 Explain the difference between solid and dotted lines used in the area weather.

A

Solid lines = boundary between different prevailing conditions

Dotted lines = boudary between different minimum conditions

100
Q

100 Explain the following entry in the area weather:

A

Hills above 2000ft MSL OBSC/in clouds

101
Q

101 Explain the following entry in the area weather:

A

Valleys below 2000ft AMSL LOC OBSC/in clouds

Tyskland NOTES (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions