Vet prep review cont. Flashcards
A premature foal presents for an exam and the owners would like to know if they can rule out angular limb deformity prior to selling, what diagnostic test is the most helpful in determining this information?
carpal and tarsal rads
A horse presents to you for evaluation of multiple larger abscesses in the ventral pectoral region and nowhere else. The horse appears to be systemically healthy. What is the likely etiology?
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (this is likely pigeon fever which is seen as swelling of the pectoral region of the horse and is contagious with pus-contact and the affected horse may also be lethargic, anorexic, have resp. distress, and abdominal pain)
why is it called pigeon fever and what bacterial agent is involved?
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the causative agent in pigeon fever, and the name is derived from the swelling that often occurs in the pectoral muscles, which resembles a pigeon’s breast
what is the most common cause of vagal indigestion?
metallic foreign body penetrating the reticulum (hardware disease)
You examine a 4 y/o Holstein dairy cow that was a high producer for the first 2 months of the current lactation but has suddenly developed poor appetite and a markedly decreased milk production. On PE, you find febrile p with no rumen motility, and feces are scant. The cow has a papple shape when viewed from the rear and has a slight “boink” hollow sound over the left flank. what is your diagnosis???
Vagal indigestion
We know it is likely not LDA because with LDA they are nonsymptomatic
a cat presents with a mass of the ear and you do an FNA and find numerous round cells with purple staining granules. What can you advise the owner?
The cat has MCT and REMEMEBR prognosis is good with surgical excision and CATS ARE NOTTTT DOGS 
The prognosis is good with surgical excision and have a low recurrence rate and met rate with MCT in cats
What are the temp, pulse, and resp. of a cow with a LDA most likely to be, assuming the cow has no other concurrent diseases?
normal
(just will have decreased appetite and mild production)
A horse presents for head shaking and rubbing of her ear. You find mites on skin scrape of the ear, what org. is most likely?
Psoroptes (Psoroptic mange is A REPORTABLE DISEASE and CS may or may not be present)
The anesthetic agent that is appropriate for use in horses when it is necessary to prolong the duration of anesthesia without increasing the duration of the recovery phase?
propofol
valium aka ____
Diazepam
what do we do in dogs just diagnosed with cushings disease
put them on trilostane (Vetoryl) and recheck multichem and ACTH stim test in 10-14 days and tell o to call if p showing signs of lethargy, inappetance, GI signs, etc. etc.
what do you tell an o with a puppy that has a hooded/aka recessed vulva?
let her have one heat cycle because often times the vulva will drop and the anatomy will correct itself but if not and p getting recurrent UTI’s and/or pyoderma, then needs sx correction (vulvoplasty)
Which anesthetic agent makes a dog’s myocardium more susceptible to catecholamine induced arrhythmias?
Halothane
Also avoid it with malignant hyperthermia
what disease of goats causes fever, swollen and painful joints, respiratory signs, and death?
Mycoplasma mycoides spp. mycoides
What % of the kidney function must be lost before a dog is unable to adequately concentrate urine?
65%
at ___% there is inability of p to properly concentrate urine in DOGS but ____% in cats, and at ___% there is a azotemia in dogs
65%; 75%; 75%
PAP testing for high mtn disease in cattle at elevations 6000 ft. or above on animals over 12 months old, what result of the PAP tells you the cattle DO NOT HAVE high mtn disease???
less than 40 mmHg
what atrial arrhythmia is least concerning in horses?
atrial premature complexes
what is the feline lungworm called and how is it tx?
it is called Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and is tx with ivermectin (+/- praziquantel but answer is mainly just ivermectin!!!)
ketamine causes what of the following side effects?
increase in muscle tone
what is impt when using a bain circuit anesthesia machine to be sure you are preventing re-breathing of carbon dioxide of the animal?
Maintain a high flow rate of O2 in the circuit
what is the most common slab fx in horses?
3rd carpal bone
what lesion is this characteristic of= CSF showing high cell count, protein count, and micro abscesses in the brain and SC
Listeria (tx with penicillin)
A bird with prolapsed cloacal tissue that is erythematous and proliferative. What is this lesion likely to be?
Cloacal papilloma which is the most common GI tumor of birds and is seen most commonly in amazon birds and macaws
A new bord owner wants to know what the name of the glandular stomach in the bird is, what is your answer?
the proventriculus (the ventriculus is the grinding stomach, and the croup is the outpouching of the esophagus responsible for storing food)
What factors do cats require in their diet?
Arachidonic acid and taurine
Active feline leukemia virus infections are least common in what age group?
> 10 years old
What is hepatocutaneous syndrome???
a necrotizing skin disorder that is usually assoc. with metabolic or vacuolar liver diseases (usually caused by phenobarb, copper hepatitis, mycotoxins, glucagon-secreting hepatic humors, etc).
skin biopsy and histo are ddx
A windswept foal will have which combo of angular limb deformity?
Valgus deformity of one limb and varus deformity of the contralateral limb
Theiler’s disease is associate with what in horses?
Administration of tetanus anti-toxin (or other equine biological products such as equine plasma)
Patients with extra-hepatic biliary obstruction may be predisposed to a coagulopathy. Which of the following mechanisms explains the cause of coagulopathy?
A decrease in bile will result in less absorption of Vitamin K which results in decreased availability of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X (2, 7, 9, 10)
what are some examples of causes of extrahepatic biliary obstruction?
neoplasia, choleliths, pancreatitis
What drug can cause hypothyroidism and KCS in dogs with prolonged treatments?
Sulfa drugs (like TMS) esp. in Dobermans- usually from Type 1 or type 3 hypersensitivity rxns
A cow presents for wooden tongue aka ____ _____ infection, what is the tx?
Aka Actinobacillus lingieresii; tx is sodium iodide IV as a 10-20% solution, repeated after a 7-day interval
tx of hairy heel wart in cattle and what causes this (bacterial agent)?
corrective trimming, topical daily spray of oxytetracycline, well- managed foot baths; its caused by Treponema spirochete
what form of leukemia has small, mature lymphocytes?
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
___ stones are a result of animals being on dessert-like land
silicate
name the stone most common with each environment
1- dry lot on dessert-like land
2. feedlot animals with a lot of grain available
3- sheep grazing on pastures high in calcium and oxalate
1- silica
2- struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate stones)
3- calcium carbonate stones
which of the following species is not affected by foot and mouth disease?
Horses
high grain feeding can cause ___ in sm ruminants
polio (bc def in thiamine)
what is the most common complication to a horse that has anterior enteritis and is doing well on medical management?
Laminitis
You diagnose a dog with mites. The owner wants to know if she or her other dogs can catch it. You tell her that this particular mite is not contagious to her or her other pets. Which of the following mites does her dog have?
Demodex species mite
they are a natural inhabitant of the skin and are not contagious to other animals nor humans and infection only occurs if immuno-compromised
do we want metaclopramide or cisapride for a cat with megacolon?
Cisapride
A cat that has a diaphragmatic hernia from trauma presents and it is fixed surgically, but what do you have to worry about post-operation during recovery?
be sure re-expansion pulmonary edema does not occur which is more common to occur post-op in cats than in dogs but unsure why
A farrowing house is encountering mild to moderate diarrhea in 5-day-old piglets. A diagnostic workup confirms Clostridium perfringens Type C infection. What should your next step be?
Vaccination of all sows pre-farrowing bc Colostral antibodies for Clostridium perfringens Type C is highly protective
Caries are not common in what species?
Horses
What age of horse is a higher risk for development of Rhodococcus equi infection?
2-6 months
What class of antibiotics is most effective against Potomac Horse Fever?
Tetracyclines
Active feline leukemia virus infections are least common in what age group??
Greater than 10 years old (an age resistance is seen with FeLV)
A dog has a mass in the cranial chest, what is it likely?
thymoma (and is prob associated with secondary myasthenia gravis)
What do you do with a ewe that has high BHB levels and is pregnant but the owners are mainly only concerned about saving her rather than the kid:
She has pregnancy toxemia, it typically occurs in goats and ewes during the last 2-4 weeks of gestation and tx is administer dexmethasone in this case (induction of parturition)
A 3 year-old FS mixed breed dog presents for lethargy and back pain. Survey radiographs show the vertebra of the spine with endplate lysis at C3-C4, C4-C5, and L6-L7. What is your next step?
Look for an occult infection somewhere else in the dog and perform blood cultures
(the p has discospondylitis which is usually caused by hematogenous spread of bacteria from a distant infected site)
what is the best pain management for disbudding?
Nerve block prior to ketoprofen before and after the disbudding procedure (can also do Meloxicam but for some reason Banamine does not work)
A client is worried about traveling with their Macaw to new york because the owner is afraid there are more mosquitos in New York, what do you advice for the owner?
The macaw should be vaccinated with WNV prior to leaving and should be kept in a mosquito free area during her visit
What is the TOC for infection of Ascaris suum (the roundworm of pigs)? What is their characteristic finding?
Fenbendazole; characteristic finding is creating “milk spots” on the liver when they migrate into the bile ducts and liver
An owner wishes to abort a fetus in his cow, which may be pregnant because it was bred by the neighbor’s bull that had jumped over fence 1 week previously. What is the best way to induce abortion?
Give PGF2-alpha
What is the appropriate method for evaluating a horse’s regenerative response to anemia?
Bone marrow examination
horses do not have ____ _____
circulating reticulocytes
What does trichobezoar mean?
hairballs
Hemorrhages at the renal cortex of several late- term piglets is what diagnosis?
Porcine circovirus disease
How to diagnose a cat with thrombus?
Infrared thermography, echo, rads, ECG
what is the difference between mobitz 1 (Wenckebach) and mobitz II 2nd degree AV Blocks?
Mobitz 1 block is normal in athletes with high vagal tone and is PR intervals gradually elongating until a P-wave is completely blocked. Mobitz 2 is where there are some PR intervals that are consistent but some P-waves do not conduct (so some P waves are left hanging out by themselves)
What is cyproheptadine for cats?
An appetite stimulant for cats
What is the most common indication for extirpation in bovids?
Neoplasia (usually SCC)
