Vet prep Power Pages Poultry Flashcards
avian encephalomyelitis virus
ataxia, paralysis, tremors, drop in egg production and early embryonic death
what is mode of transmission of avian encephalomyelitis virus? Where does it replicate and shed? What is the Tx?
fecal to oral AND VERTICAL transmission and virus replicates in Purkinje fibers of chicks and molecular layer of cerebellum and multiples in the intestines
TX is cull
prevention of avian encephalomyelitis virus
vac of breeder flocks by wing stick or drinking water and should be done 4 weeks before egg production
fowl pox is a relatively slow spreading viral disease of domestic birds and is characterized by….
eruptions and scab like lesions on the body and inside of the mouth as well as plaque lesions in the mouth, esophagus, and trachea
what is the viral cause of fowl pox and how is it transmitted?
Family poxvirus and transmission is from wound in skin, mucosal contact, or from mosquitos with a slow spread of diseased in the flock bc incubation period of 4-10 days
The membranous form, referred to as wet pox, has raised fibrinous plaques or nodules on the
mucus membranes of the mouth, esophagus, or upper part of the trachea occasionally occluding the trachea is what disease? what is the dry form?
Fowl pox virus; the dry form is a cutaneous form where there are skin nodules which form brown to yellow scabs
what is the diagnosis and Tx of fowl pox? how to prevent it?
Diagnosis- histo exam or viral isolation
-There is no effective tx; cull; prevent with vax and reduce mosquitos
avian mycobacteriosis aka mycobacterium avium aka avian tuberculosis
is a chronic bacterial infection forming visceral granulomatous nodules resulting in progressive wasting and death
why is mycobacterium avium not common in present poultry flocks?
because they only live 1-2 years
what is the causative agent of avian mycobacteriosis aka mycobacterium avium aka avian tuberculosis
mycobacterium avium subspecies avium which is a non-motile, non-spore forming bacterial rod that stains acid-fast
M. avium develop in the _____ (organ system) and rupture to release bacteria into the ____
intestines; feces
M. avium is potentially zoonotic for humans who come into contact with the contaminated environment T/F
Trueee
CS and transmission of Mycoplasma avium
CS- progressive wasting and diarrhea
Transmission is from ingestion of contaminated feed, water, and litter
diagnosis of mycoplasma avium aka avian TB
Histology showing granulomatous
inflammation with acid-fast bacterial rods in center of lesion
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an ____ and ____ disease of chickens that is ___ in nature
acute and contagious viral infection that is respiratory in nature
what disease in poultry is characterized by nasal discharge, rales, coughing, sneezing and drop in egg production/shell quality?
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) which is a coronavirus
What is transmission of Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) which is a coronavirus??
spreads very rapidly (over 1-2 days) and is aerosol in transmission but can also be spread by contaminated equipment
what is this illness?
Rapidly spreading upper resp. infection that causes reduced egg production, anorexia, oculonasal discharge, and edema of the face and eyes
infectious coryza virus of chickens. Which is apparently an easy fix bc caused by a bacterium that responds well to abx
what individuals are the main source of infection with infectious coryza virus of chickens?
chronically sick birds or subclinical carrier birds are the main source of infection
does not occur in any turkeys
transmission of infectious coryza virus of chickens
bird to bird by contact, oculonasal secretions, aerosolized in coughing droplets and contaminated feed or drinking water
IN TURKEYS –> upper respiratory infection with conjunctivitis, ocular exudate, rhinitis
and tracheitis is what disease?
Turkey Bordetella
what are the CS of turkey bordetella?
Voice changes, swollen sinuses, submandibular swelling, conjunctivitis, dirty shoulders from rubbing head on feathers
gross lesions of Turkey bordetella?
mucus within sinuses, tracheal collapse, racoon eyes with exudate around their eyes and secondary E. coli infections
a?
.
Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection
chronic disease of birds characterized by nasal exudate, coughing, debilitation
what is the diagnosis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection
round, “fried egg” colonies in culture that agglutinate in RBC’s
BUT PCR is the Test of choice
prevention of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection
Chicken- vaccination but do not vaccinate turkeys- will kill them
Marek’s Disease is a herpesvirus that primarily affects young chickens and causes ______ and ______ _____
Lymphoma and leg paralysis
Marek disease is intracellular (cell-associated) and viral replication occurs in 3 phases, what are they?
productive, latent, and transformation
Transmission of Marek disease
produced only in feather follicle epithelium, contaminates the premises through infected molted feathers and dander, and birds become infected when they inhale dust containing the virus
What does this chicken have?
Unilateral or bilateral paralysis of legs and wings, decreased pupil size and irregular diameter of the eye causing a “gray eye”
Marek Disease
what is the tx for Marek Disease?
NO effective treatment, emphasis on prevention like usualllllll (vaccination is effective)
Infectious Laryngotracheitis is highly infectious but spreads slowly and is characterized by….
conjunctivitis, loud gasping, exudate plugging the glottis and coughing w bloody exudate
vax and give abx
bird with red, swollen eyelids and gross lesions of the trachea and larynx and conjunctivitis is what disease?
Infectious laryngotracheitis
Vaccine of what disease in birds can “heat up” the virulence of the disease and cause disease in unvax birds faster?
Infectious Laryngotracheitis– a herpesvirus (basically all bird vax is good but if some are not vax then the ones that are recently vax will spread disease to un vax)
Infectious coryza in birds is caused by..
Haemphilus paragallinarum
Fowl cholera in birds is caused by…
pasteurella multocida
Birds have ____ rather than neutrophils and they have _____ tracheal rings
heterophils; Complete tracheal rings
Why do we not give SQ fluids to birds in their neck?
Bc want to avoid their air sacs, so give it to them in the skin fold of the groin or between their shoulder blades and their back
What is Xanthoma in birds?
the accumulation of friable yellow fatty tissues, benign growth comprised of lipids and cholesterol
Progressive unilateral leg lameness with mass and weight loss is consistent with what dz in birds?
Renal adenocarcinoma
What is the tx of synovial gout in birds?
Allopurinol (which is also used to prevent the recurrence of uric acid and calcium oxalate stones in dogs with low protein diets)
Is the level of calcium high low or normal in birds that are egg bound???
LOW
Aspergillosis in house birds
inhaled fungal spores, see white plaques on their air sacs on histo and can cause caseous plugs of the trachea and will have cream colored plaques in the lungs with tx being amphotericin B or -azoles
in chickens used for meat- CULL
Pacheco’s Disease in birds
acute liver necrosis; will have many CS but one impt one being yellow diarrhea with histopath showing eosinophils intracellular inclusion bodes in the spleen and the liver
Psittacosis aka ____ _____ is a reportable and zoonotic disease and causes what CS? What is the tx? What CS does it usually cause in humans???
Aka Chlamydophilia psittaci and causes increased respiratory effort and lime green urates with veryyyy high WBC counts and tx being Doxycycline for AT LEAST 45 days and is zoonotic and causes cold/flu like symptoms in humans
Birds with tuberculosis aka mycobacterium avium—
chronic weight loss and on histo will have enlarged liver with diffuse white nodules, granulomatous inflammation and acid fast bacilli
Tx with Azithromycin and HAS ZOONOTIC potential
Candidiasis in birds–
thickening of the crop mucosa, overgrowth of yeast in the crop, seen in YOUNG birds, will have regurg, crop stasis and tx is Nystatin and -conazoles meds with Vitamin A supplementation
Trichomoniasis in birds CS and TX–
White caseous lesions in the oral mucosa and tx with metronidazole
what is the scaly leg mite in birds?
Knemidocoptes mutans
What is the common red mite of birds? How can it be controlled?
Dermanyssus gallinae; control via insecticides and tx is ENVIRONMENTAL (bc majority of the time they are off the host in the environment)
What is the northern fowl mite and how can it be controlled???
Ornithonyssus bursae and need to apply pesticides to the HOST because they are on the feathered regions and around the vent unlike the red mite which is just in the environment
Fowl SQ mite causing nodules is what???
Laminosiopyes cysticola (causes nodular skin lesions)
What is the common chigger on birds that attaches to the wings, breasts, and neck and birds will be weak, anorexic, and die???
Trombicula alfreddusgesi
In birds, what is the tx for candia albicans?
Copper sulfate in the water, Nystatin in the feed
Adenovirus in chickens causes what??
Egg drop syndrome
What is a true ER in pet birds?
egg binding
Choline deficiency in turkeys causes _______ on histopathology report
Chondrodysplasia
In birds — what is the disease:
Dyspnea with extension of the neck during inspiration, coughing up mucus and blood, decreased production, watery eyes, nasal discharge and how is it diagnosed???
Infectious laryngotracheitis (a herpesvirus) and diagnosis is with intranuclear inclusion bodies in tracheal epithelium
What are some CS of Marek disease and what is seen on necropsy?
It is an Adenovirus and CS are neuro signs with visceral tumors and necropsy showing enlarged vagus and sciatic nerves (no tx, just prevent with in-ovo vaccination)
Fowl plague
Avian influenza virus, cyanosis and edema of the head and comb and wattle with bloody oral and nasal discharge and is reportable bc zoonotic risk
What disease is a hemagglutinating virus that is zoonotic in the way it causes conjunctivitis in people and causes neuro signs with coughing, green diarrhea, and swelling of the head and neck in birds?
Newcastle disease
What is the most serious disease in crows that is from mosquitos and also affects geese but not really chickens or turkeys?
WNV
A 2 week old chickens presents to you with orange diarrhea, is pale with poor growth. What do you expect to see on necropsy?
Suspect malabsorption syndrome and will see orange mucus in the intestines and small gizzard with atrophied pancreas, and enlarged proventriculus (which is the stomach of birds!!!)
TX is CULLLL
What are 2 important reasons to not house chickens and turkeys together
(these two pathogens are subclinical in chickens but will kill turkeys)
Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Histomonas melegridits aka Blackhead
Heterakis gallinarium on necropsy will show…
Ulcerations and thickening of the cecal wall and liver having a ring shaped yellow lesion with EXTENSIVE NECROSIS OF THE LIVER AND THE CECUM (pathognomonic!!!)
Turkey coryza aka ______ _________
Bordetella avium
Ornithosis in birds aka ___ ____ causes what CS and what signs on necropsy?
Chlamydia psittaci; causing nasal and ocular discharge, weight loss, inappetence, death and necropsy showing pneumonia, necrosis of the liver and spleen, and severe pericarditis and intracytoplasmic inclusions
