Lameness, Laminitis, and Horse feet and some extra notes

Question 1

When it comes to HL, we go straight to the ____ point nerve block

Answer 1

low 6 point nerve block (similar to low 4 point in FL, fetlock and below)

Question 2

What nerve block blocks the both sides of the DDFT proximal to the collateral cartilage P3, and palmar 1/3 foot?

Answer 2

Palmar/Plantar digital NB (PDNB)

Question 3

What block blocks the medial and lateral palmar nerves between the suspensory and flexor tendons, fetlock down, and medial and lateral palmar metacarpal nerves at the splint bones?

Answer 3

Low palmar nerve block (Low 4 point block)

Question 4

Low 6 point nerve block blocks what???

Answer 4

rear limb only— like low 4-point with addition of dorsal metatarsal on both sides extensor tendon, test dorsal/plantar proximal fetlock

Question 5

What block blocks the cranial hock?

Answer 5

Peroneal nerve block

Question 6

What nerve block do you NOT use bupivacaine with?

Answer 6

Tibial nerve block

Question 7

Acute vs chronic laminitis:

Answer 7

Acute- onset of lameness to when lamina degradation stabilized, see laminitic stance, short and stilted gait, digital pulses, pain at toe with hoof testers, depressed skin –sunken P3, radiographs a must

Chronic-prone to recurrent laminitis, should see lamellar wedge on rads (seen w rotation of P3 which is the space of the lamina stretching to fill space where P3 normally was) if severe enough, may be prone to hoof abscess, will grow abnormal hoof (divergent rings and rings wider at heel than toe), radiographic changes apparent of P3 (ski slope- where tip of P3 is rotated to the corium for long period of time and flattens from weight bearing)

Question 8

Tx of more acute laminitis-

Answer 8

Heparin, Aspirin, NSAIDs, remove toe, frog support, reduce carbs, ice boots

Question 9

What is the prognosis for laminitis with LESS than 5.5 degree rotation? What about 12 degree rotation or more?

Answer 9

<5.5 degree rotation should return athletic function, 12 degree rotation or more have hard road, and distal displacement very guarded

Question 10

Where do hoof wall avulsions being?

Answer 10

begins at the ground or coronary band

Question 11

What is prognosis for distal displacement with or without rotation?

Answer 11

Extremellyyyyy guarded

Question 12

cranial cruciate ruptures are most common in what discipline?

Answer 12

Cutting horses

Question 13

What flexion flexes the whole app?

Answer 13

Spavin/hock flexion

Question 14

What is the component of examination that can help diff. a lameness due to subsolar abscess from fracture?

Answer 14

hoof testers

Question 15

Which theory of laminitis proposes that the disease is caused by dysfunction of the digital vasculature that may be primary or secondary to endotoxemia?

Answer 15

vascular

Question 16

Which theory of laminitis hypothesizes that inflammation agents affect the metabolic processes of epidermal cells or the laminar epithelium basement membranes?

Answer 16

enzymatic

Question 17

Palmar digital nerve block and neurectomy can be effective at tx ______

Answer 17

Navicular disease

Question 18

What are the 2 main predilection sites for osteochondrosis in the stifle?

Answer 18

Lateral trochlea and the medial condyle both of the femur

Question 19

What does high lactate mean???

Answer 19

Poor perfusion or sepsis

Question 20

What are the possible complications of abdominocentesis?

Answer 20

Hitting guts, hitting spleen, omental hernia (moreso in foals)

Question 21

saline is acidic or alkaline? What can it induce?

Answer 21

acidic; can induce hyperchloremic state- metabolic acidosis

Question 22

Hoof growth from the coronary band takes how long?

Answer 22

9-12 months

Question 23

Which part of the hoof loses bf first?

Answer 23

the toe bc of circumflex arteries

Question 24

Acute laminitis begins with _____ and ends with ___ _____

Answer 24

onset of laminitis; laminar degeneration

Question 25

Rotation or sinking is worse for prognosis:

Answer 25

sinking