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BB2 > vestibular system > Flashcards

vestibular system Flashcards

1
Q

what does the vestibular system do

A

maintain balance posture and spatial awareness

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2
Q

which 3 receptor systems are integrated by the vestibular system

A

eyes
general proprioceptive and cutaneous receptors
vestibular apparatus

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3
Q

where is the vestibular apparatus

A

inner ear

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4
Q

2 parts of the labyrinth

A

vestibular part
auditory part

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5
Q

what is the fluid inside the labyrinth

A

endolymph

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6
Q

what fluid bathes the labyrinth

A

perilymph

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7
Q

difference in potassium and sodium concentration in the endolymph and perilymph

A

endo - high K, low Na
peri - low K, high Na

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8
Q

what connects the vestibular part and auditory part of the labyrinth

A

ductus reuniens

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9
Q

are the utricle, saccule, semicircular canals, ampullae, and cochlear in the auditory or vestibular part of the labyrinth

A

vestibular -utricle, saccule, ampullae, and semicircular canals
auditory - cochlear

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10
Q

how many semicircular canals are there

A

3

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11
Q

what are the otolithic organs

A

utricle and saccule

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12
Q

what is the tallest stereocilium on a vestibular hair cell called

A

kinocilium

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13
Q

which cranial nerve do vestibular hair cells synapse to

A

CN VIII

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14
Q

what happens when the stereocilia on a hair cell are bent

A

hair cell hyperpolarised or depolarised

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15
Q

which NT is released at the synapse between hair cells and CNVIII

A

Glutamate

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16
Q

which part of the vesibular apparatus has hair cells surrounded by a gelatinous cupula

A

Ampullae of semicircular ducts

17
Q

what are hair cells in the semicircular canals sensitive to

A

Movement
head rotation
acceleration/deceleration
angular acceleration/rotation
Complementary bilateral signalling

18
Q

what do otoliths in the utricular and saccular macula detect

A

linear acceleration
head tilt
Gravity

19
Q

what provides 3d representation of the direction of linear force

A

hair cells of utricles and saccules

20
Q

what divides the macula

A

striola

21
Q

are hair cells in the utricles and saccules polarised towards or away from the striola

A

utricles - towards
saccules - away

22
Q

what are hair cells in the saccule and utricle sensitive to

A

gravity
head tilt
linear acceleration

23
Q

nystagmus

A

initial slow rotation of the eyes followed by compensatory flick back

24
Q

which reflex dysfunction causes nystagmus

A

vestibulo-occular reflex

25
Q

is the direction of nystagmus defined by the slow or fast component

A

fast

26
Q

does nystagmus move towards or away from the affected side

A

fast part away from affected side

27
Q

vestibular lesion symptoms

A

nystagmus
vertigo
vomiting
dizziness
balance problems

28
Q

vestibular lesion symptom treatment

A

antiemetics
antihistamines
benzodiazepines

29
Q

why does the caloric reflex test cause eye movement

A

water heats semicircular canal -> convection of endolymph -> nerve firing -> body thinks head rotatingf -> eyes move to compensate

30
Q

which parts of the brain produce the fast and slow eye movements in the caloric reflex test

A

slow - brainstem
fast - cortex

31
Q

what does the hallpike manoeuvre test for

A

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

32
Q

how is the hallpike manoeuvre done

A

head lowered to table and turned to one side, repeated on other side if result negative

33
Q

hallpike manoeuvre positive and negative result

A

positive - dizziness and nystagmus when affected ear pointed to floor
negative - no effect

34
Q

which nerves control eye movements

A

CN III IV VI

35
Q

central control of vestibular function

A

premotor areas - plan movement
area 3a - converge w signals from muscle spindles
posterior parietal cortex - converge w visual and somatosensory signals
cingulate gyrus - activity associated with pain, attention, motivation, and emotions
PIVC - converge w proprioceptive signals

36
Q

What structures does the vestibular complex in the brainstem connect to

A

Vestibulospinal tract
Reticular formation
Cerebral cortex
Thalamus
Superior colliculus
Ant and Flocculonodular lobes of cerebellum
Fastigial cerebellar nucleus

BB2 (26 decks)

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