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BB2 > Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs > Flashcards

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of schizophrenia symtptoms

A

positive
negative
cognitive

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2
Q

positive Sch symtoms

A

hallucinations
delusions
agitation
disorganised thinking

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3
Q

negative sch symptoms

A

introversion
apathy
low self esteem
personal neglect

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4
Q

cognitive sch symtoms

A

poor memory, esp working memory
attention deficit
executive dysfunction

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5
Q

average age of sch onset in males and females

A

males - 18-25
females - 25-35

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6
Q

the DSM-5 criteria requires a patient to have how many of the following symptoms for sch diagnosis - delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, disorganised/catatonic behaviour, negative symtoms

A

2, 1 of which must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganised speech

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7
Q

how long must sch symptoms occur before DSM5 diagnosis

A

6 months with at least 1 month active symptoms

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8
Q

3 patterns of sch lifetime evolution

A

simple
undulating
atypical

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9
Q

structural changes in sch

A

larger ventricles
smaller medial temporal lobe structures
grey matter loss

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10
Q

which part of the brain is hypoactive in schizophrenia

A

frontal lobe

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11
Q

how is frontal lobe function assessed

A

wisconsin card sorting test

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12
Q

what does the wisconsin card sorting test involve

A

pt asked to match cards withour being told rules for matching, rules for matching are changed throughout the test

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13
Q

do structural brain changes or symptoms occur first in sch

A

structural brain changes

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14
Q

what part of neurones are fewer in the cortices of sch pts and why

A

dendritic spines - excess pruning

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15
Q

how is sch linked to neurodevelopment

A

some forms of sch caused by brain circuit formation and maturation abnormalities

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16
Q

sch risk factors

A

pregnancy/birth complications
older father
immune system activation
cannabis
Repeated infections
Prenatal infection + incr cytokine levels in pregnancy

17
Q

prodromal phase

A

period of sub clinical symptoms in the years prior to first psychosis episode

18
Q

What signs of neuro inflammation are present in the brains of sch pts

A

Incr cytokine level
Incr peripheral inflammatory markers
Immune cell migration to brain
Activated microglia

19
Q

Why is oligodendrocyte density decreased in sch

A

Inflammation and immune activation
Different expression of molecules regulating myelination

20
Q

Is synchronicity in the default brain network increased or decreased in sch pts and their relatives

A

Increased

21
Q

Which neural circuits are effected by sch and how are they effected

A

Mesolimbic - hyperactive
Mesocortical - hypoactive
Incr synchronicity in DMN

22
Q

Which type of dopamine receptors are targeted by sch drug

A

D2 like

23
Q

Which type of antipsychotics can help cognitive symtoms

A

Atypical antipsychotics

24
Q

Are chlorpromazine, thioridazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, and flupenthixol typical or atypical antipsychotics

A

Typical

25
Q

Atypical antipsychotic examples

A

Risperidone
Olanzapine
Clozapine
Quetiapine
Paliperidone
Aripiprazole

26
Q

Are atypical or typical antipsychotics used first

A

Atypical

27
Q

Which drug is used for treatment resistant sch

A

Clozapine

28
Q

Why are adverse effects common with antipsychotics

A

Not fully specific for dopamine receptors so affect other targets

29
Q

Antipsychotic drug adverse effects

A

Extrapyramidal effects
Prolactin rise
Weight gain
Dyslipidaemia
Type 2 diabetes
Anticholinergic effects
Postural hypotension
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

30
Q

Extrapyramidal effects

A

Acute Dystonia
Parkinsonism
Tardive dyskinesia

31
Q

Which system is most commonly effected by atypical antipsychotic adverse effects

A

Metabolic

32
Q

Which system is most commonly effected by typical antipsychotic adverse effects

A

Extrapyramidal

33
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome symtoms

A

Hyperpyrexia
Muscle rigidity
Tremor
Confusion
Autonomic instability

34
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

Involuntary movements of the lips, jaw, and face, and limbs, grimacing, chewing, and tongue thrusting

35
Q

Major risk of clozapine

A

Agranulocytosis

36
Q

Non pharmacological sch treatments

A

CBT
cognitive remediation
Family therapy

BB2 (26 decks)

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