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BB2 > Addiction > Flashcards

Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

addiction

A

chronic disease characterised by drug seeking and use that is compulsive or difficult to control despite harmful consequences

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2
Q

drug abuse

A

a pattern of drug use in which users consume the substance in amounts or using methods which are directly or indirectly harmful to themselves or others

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3
Q

drug dependence

A

adaptive state that develops after repeated drug abuse and which results in withdrawal upon cessation of drug use

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4
Q

drug tolerance

A

diminishing effect of a drug which results after repeated administration at a set dose

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5
Q

psychological dependence

A

dependence involving emotional-motivational withdrawal symptoms

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6
Q

physical dependence

A

dependence that involves significant physical-somatic withdrawal symptoms

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7
Q

emotional-motivational withdrawal symptoms

A

dysphoria
depression
anhedonia
restlessness

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8
Q

physical-somatic withdrawal symptoms

A

fatigue
nausea
seizures
pain
delirium tremens

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9
Q

targets of opiates

A

mu and delta opioid receptors

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10
Q

targets of cocaine

A

DA, NAd, 5HT uptake systems

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11
Q

targets of amphetamines

A

TAAR1

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12
Q

targets of ethanol

A

GABAa and NMDA receptors

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13
Q

targets of nicotine

A

nicotinic receptors

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14
Q

targets of cannabinoids

A

CB1 receptors

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15
Q

targets of ketamine and phencyclidine

A

NMDA receptors

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16
Q

targets of hallucinogens

A

5HT2a receptors

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17
Q

targets of barbituates and benzodiazepines

A

GABAa receptors

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18
Q

targets of solvents

A

NMDA, 5HT, GABAa receptors

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19
Q

factors determining addiction development

A

environment
drug effects
genes

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20
Q

which neural pathway is vital for reward and drug dependence

A

mesolimbic pathway

21
Q

3 stages of drug dependence

A

intoxication/binging
withdrawal
craving/preoccupation/anticipation

22
Q

what triggers dysphoria in withdrawal

A

activation of kappa opioid receptors by dynorphin reduces dopamine release

23
Q

why do drug addicts need to take larger doses to get desired effects

A

drugs upregulate dynorphin which inhibits dopminergic neurones

24
Q

brain structures showing changes as drug dependence develops

A

ventral tegmental areas
nucleus accumbens
amygdala
insula
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus

25
Q

brain changes in addiction

A

glucose metabolism changes
changes to receptor availability
changes to system activation
up/downregulation of proteins

26
Q

prefrontal cortex processes impaired in addictes

A

self control
emotional regulation
motivation
attention
flexibility
working memory
decision making
awareness and insight
learning and memory
salience attribution

27
Q

iRISA

A

impaired response inhibition and salience attribution

28
Q

how do drugs affect genes

A

gradual accumulation of gene expression changes

29
Q

which transcription factor is upregulated with chronic administration of any drug

A

ΔFosB

30
Q

which drug types can change neurone structures

A

opiates
psychostimulants

31
Q

how many units a day is classed as hazardous drinking

A

5+ for men
3+ for women

32
Q

effects of acute alcohol intoxication

A

euphoria
depressed mood
slurred speech
ataxia
general incoordination
pupillary dilatation

33
Q

hoe does alcohol cause intoxication

A

depresses excitatory transmission and potentiates inhibitory transmission

34
Q

alcohol abuse consequences

A

GI haemorrhage
pancreatitis
alcoholic liver disease
peripheral neuropathy
cerebral atrophy
chronic SD haematoma
acute head injury
neuropsychiatric sequelae
CV impacts
metabolic impacts

35
Q

MDMA cellular targets

A

5HT uptake system
dopamine uptake system
5HT2 receptors
H2 histamine receptors
alpha2 adrenergic receptors

36
Q

what receptor causes psychomotor, temperature, emotional, and perceptual MDMA effects

A

5HT

37
Q

Acute MDMA toxicity effects

A

temperature elevation
disseminated intravascular coagulation
rhabdomyolysis
incr renal reabsorption of water
hyponatraemia
cerebral oedema

38
Q

which axon types are lost after MDMA overuse

A

5HT

39
Q

cannabinoid receptors

A

CB1
CB2

40
Q

which locations are CB1 and CB2 receptors found

A

CB1 CNS
CB2 periphery

41
Q

cannabinoid intoxication symtoms

A

hypothermia
rigid immobility
decr motor activity

42
Q

which mental health issues are linked to cannabis use

A

schizophrenia
depression
paranoia

43
Q

are CBD and THC psychotropic

A

CBD no
THC yes

44
Q

what are nabilone, sativex, and cannador

A

nabilone - synthetic THC analog
sativex - THC and CBD 1:1
cannador - THC and CBD 2:1

45
Q

steps in addiction management

A

detoxification
psychological support
medication
co occuring health problem treatment
long term follow up

46
Q

which drugs can be used in alcohol addiction management

A

benzodiazepines
antiepileptics
acamprosate
naltrexone
disulfiram
SSRIs
thiamine
nalmefene

47
Q

drugs in management of nicotine addiction

A

nicotine replacement therapy
bupropion
varenicline

48
Q

drugs in opiate addiction management

A

methadone
buprenorphine
clonidine + lofexidine
naltrexone

49
Q

varenicline adverse effects

A

nausea
psychiatric disturbances

BB2 (26 decks)

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