Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards
MS pathological definition
Inflammatory disease of CNS characterised by demyelination and variable degrees of axonal loss and gliosis
MS clinical definition
Objective CNS dysfunction involving 2+ white matter structures
Histopathological changes in MS
Inflammation + lymphocytes
Peri venular inflammatory change
Demyelination
Gliosis
Gliosis
Nerves replaced by scarring
Is demyelination and gliosis reversible
Demyelination - yes
Gliosis - no
How is the BBB effected by MS attacks
Breaks down for around 6 wks
Gross pathological changes in MS
Cerebral atrophy
Ventricular enlargements
What is seen on analysis of the CSF of a MS pt
Oligoclonal bands
What produces oligoclonal bands
IgG
Can oligoclonal bands be seen in MS pt serum
Yes but less common, always seen in CSF
What suggests the immune response causing MS only occurs in the CNS not the periphery
Oligoclonal bands show IgG always present in CSF, not usually present in serum
MS age of onset
20-40 yrs
What areas in MS more common in
Temperate climates
Deficiency of which vitamin is linked to MS
Vitamin D
What virus is linked to MS
Epstein barr
MS risk factors
Vitamin d deficiency
Epstein Barr virus
Smoking
Childhood/adolescent obesity
Solvent exposure
Which gene has the most significant impact on MS risk
HLA
What is EDSS
Expanded disability status scale
At which EDSS levels does a pt need a stick to walk
EDSS 6
At what EDSS level is a pt bedbound
EDSS9
What is the range of EDSS levels
EDSS0-9
MS signs and symptoms
Spasticity
Weakness
Gait abnormalities and unsteadiness
Positive and negative sensory effects
Incoordination
Diplopia
Vertigo
Nysgptagmus
Dysarthria
Optic neuritis
Incontinence
Depression
Poor concentration
Forgetfulness
Fatigue
Difference between positive and negative sensory effects
Positive - pins and needles, water running over skin feeling
Negative - loss of sensation
Damage to what area of the brain causes Diplopia vertigo nystagmus and dysarthria
Brainstem
