Learning And Memory Flashcards
Types of learning
Relational
Motor
Perceptual
Stimulus response
2 types of declarative/explicit memory
Episodic - life events
Semantic - general facts and knowledge
4 types of non declarative/implicit memory
Procedural - motor and cognitive skills
Perceptual priming
Associative learning - conditioned behaviours
Non associative learning - habits
Brain changes in learning and memory
Cellular changes
Brain circuitry changes
3 major processing stages in sustaining and learning memories
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
What is consolidation of a memory
Brain changes that stabilise memory over time forming a long term memory from a short term memory
Types of memory
Sensory
Short term
Working
Long term
Sensory memory
Transient retention of sensory information in sensory structures
Echoic memory
Short lived persistence of the auditory sensory memory trace
How long does a trace remain in echoic memory
10 seconds
Iconic memory
Short lived persistence of the visual sensory memory trace
How long does a trace stay in the iconic memory
300-500 msec
What processes move information from sensory to short term memory
Recoding
Attention
What processe moves information from short term to long term memory
Encoding
Working memory
Short lasting maintained store for mental operations
Visual and auditory aspects of working memory
Visual - visuospatial sketch pad
Auditory - phonological loop
Role and location of the central executive processor
Retrieve from and coordinate short term and long term memory
PreFrontal cortex
Which part of the brain is key to forming new long term memories
Hippocampus gyrus
How are new long term memories formed
Formation of intrinsic connections in hippocampus
Long term potentiation
Synaptic changes that strengthen the synapse
Which ion is needed for synaptic strengthening
CA2+
How does long term potentiation strengthen synapses
Increase numbers of AMPA receptors on synapse
Increase size of dendritic spines
What process decreases the number of AMPA receptors on a synapse leading to synapse weakening
Long term depression
Why are connections to the hippocampus unnecessary in a fully consolidated memory
Only cortical to cortical connections are important
Which calcium dependent enzyme is important for synaptic strengthening
CAM-KII
Type 2 ca2+ calmodulin kinase
