Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BB2 > Motor System > Flashcards

Motor System Flashcards

1
Q

Are roles in movement More complex and abstract moving anteriorly or posteriorly through the frontal lobe

A

Anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most important 2 lobes in motor control

A

Frontal
Posterior parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Does each cerebral hemisphere control the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the body

A

Contralateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 levels of motor control

A

Conceptual level - goal of action
Response level - goal translated to effector system
Motor implementation level - translate movement into pattern of muscular activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which brain areas planning movement

A

Posterior parietal cortex
Frontopolar cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Brain areas that organise movement

A

Supplementary motor area
Premotor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Brain area that executes movement

A

Primary motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which brain area controls intention/desire to move

A

Posterior parietal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which brain area controls the decision to move

A

Frontopolar cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which brain area controls sequences of motion

A

Supplementary motor area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which brain area is involved in learning and executing complex movement guided by sensory info

A

Premotor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which brain area causes movement of particular body parts

A

Primary motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Location and role of Broadmann areas 39-40

A

Posterior parietal cortex
Form intentions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Use of cognitive control/ executive function

A

Override automatic thoughts and behaviours
Decision making
Perception
Knowledge
Goals
Change form habitual response
Bias selection of actions and thoughts from all possibilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Effects of prefrontal cortex lesions

A

Unilateral - mild defects
Bilateral - dramatic behavioural and personality changes, loss of goal orientated behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which Brodmann areas plan goal directed behaviour

A

9 10 46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Effects of lesions in brodmann area 46

A

Attention
Working memory
Decr Ability to inhibit a motor response to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Role of medial prefrontal cortex in movement

A

Monitor ongoing activity
Modulate degree of cognitive control needed to continue behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Orbitofrontal cortex role in movement

A

Reward mediated behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which brodmann area in the orbitofrontal cortex controls reward mediated behaviour

A

11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Brodmann area 11 lesion effects

A

Pseudopsychopathic behaviour
Impulsiveness, jugular attitude, puerility, sexual disinhibition, complete lack of concern for others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which boadmanns areas make up Broca’s area and which hemisphere is it in

A

44 45
Left hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Does Broca’s area or wernickes area control production of speech movements

A

Broca’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Broca’s area lesion effects

A

Motor aphasia -
Short/incomplete sentences
Writing difficulty
Substituting words/sounds
Speak sentences that dont make sense
Retain reading and speech understanding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which brodmann area makes up the frontal eye fields and what is their function
8 Control of visual attention and eye movements
26
Effect of frontal eye field lesion
Ipsilateral - Eye deviates toward side of lesion Bilateral - oculomotor apraxia
27
Oculomotor apraxia
Pt cannot move eyes horizontally or quickly Pt must turn head when following moving object to compensate for lack of eye movement
28
Supplementary motor area role in movement
Organises internally guided actions according to preferences and goals Proactive Control of motor readiness Reactive inhibition of unwanted movements Determines response threshold Plans future elements in movement series
29
Which part of the brain allows sudden urgent movements/delays, eg running away or unforeseen stops
Supplementary motor area
30
Premotor cortex role in movement
Organises externally sensory guided actions
31
Lesion of secondary motor areas effects
Motor Apraxia
32
Motor apraxia
Difficulty performing complex motor tasks including skilled movements and gestures, desire to perform movement, reflexes and muscle strength uneffected
33
What is the milder version of motor ataxia
Dyspraxia
34
Why is only minimal damage caused by unilateral secondary motor area lesions
Contralateral area can take over function
35
Primary motor cortex function and brodmann area
Execution of movements 4
36
Which brain area does the corticospinal tract connect to
Primary motor cortex
37
Axons of Which cells in the Cortex form the corticospinal tract
Pyramidal cells
38
What is represented by size of a body part on the motor homunculus
Complexity of movement
39
Lesion of primary motor cortex effects
Paralysis
40
Hemiplagia
Loss of voluntary movement on the Contralateral side of body
41
Why are the lower limbs not effected by MCA strokes
Lower limbs motor region supplied by Anterior cerebral artery
42
Why is an MCA infarction at at proximal M1 segment more dangerous than at the distal M3 segment
M1 effects supply to basal ganglia as well as motor cortex M3 only effects motor cortex
43
What do corticospinal and corticobulbar axons from the somatosensory cortex do
Modulate somatosensory input, eg suppress nocioceptive reflexes
44
Do the basal ganglia and cerebellum impact lower motor neurones directly or indirectly
Indirectly through UMNs in VL thalamus and pri motor cortex
45
Where does the corticospinal tract decussate
C1-c5
46
Which tracts make up the pyramidal tracts
Corticospinal and corticobulbar
47
Do injuries effecting the corticospinal tract cause motor defects on the same or opposite side
Opposite if injury above spinal cord medulla junction Same if below spinal cord medulla junction
48
Where does the anterior corticospinal tract terminate and what does it control
Cervical cord Voluntary movements of neck
49
What does the lateral corticospinal tract comptroller
Thumb and digit movements Spinal reflexes
50
What does the corticobulbar tract control
Eye and face muscles
51
Where does the corticobulbar tract terminate
Cranial nerve III IV V VI VII nuclei Pontine nuclei Reticular formation Red nucleus
52
Why do upper motor neurone lesions in the corticobulbar tract cause forehead sparing
Forehead has bilateral innervation
53
What are the main 3 extrapyramidal tracts
Reticulospinal Lateral vestibulospinal Rubrospinal
54
What does the reticulospinal tract control
Autonomic control of sympathetic pre ganglionic neurons Drives respirations General arousal of spinal cord
55
What does the lateral vestibulospinal tract control
Posture and balance Antigravity muscles of lower body
56
What does the rubrospinal tract control
Muscle tone in upper limb flexor muscle groups Inhibits extensor tone
57
Where does the rubrospinal tract terminate
Cervical and thoracic spinal cord
58
2 minor extrapyramidal tracts
Medial vestibulospinal - reflex coordination of head and neck muscles with extra ocular eye muscles Tectospinal - coordinates voluntary head and eye movement
59
Spasticity
Abnormally increased muscle tone
60
Clonus
Series of jerky contractions of a muscle following sudden stretching of the muscle
61
Hyperreflexia
Abnormally brisk tendon reflex
62
Is spasticity characteristic of upper or lower motor neurone lesions
Upper
63
Are tendon reflexes increased or decreased in spasticity
Increased
64
Does the motor cortex activate or inhibit the extrapyramidal tracts
Inhibit
65
What does extrapyramidal system hyperactivity cause
Hyperactive stretch reflexes Spasticity
66
Decorticate posturing
Addicted and flexed arms Wrists and fingers flexed on chest Legs internally rotated and stiffly extended Plantarflexion
67
What does decorticate posturing indicate damage to
Corticospinal tract above or in midbrain
68
Decerebrate posturing
Arms addicted and extended Wrists pronated and fingers flexed Legs internally rotated and stiffly extended Plantarflexion
69
What does decerebrate rigidity indicate damage to
Brain injury at upper brainstem level
70
What causes decerebrate and decorticate rigidity
Hyperactive stretch reflexes and spasticity caused by loss of motor cortex inhibition to extrapyramidal system

BB2 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions