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BB2 > Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

Basal ganglia functions

A

Regulate movement
Process info related to emotion, motivation, cognition

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2
Q

How does the basal ganglia regulate movement

A

Role in initiation
Switching motor programmes
Inhibit antagonistic and unnecessary movements
Regulate force

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3
Q

What makes up the dorsal striatum

A

Caudate nucleus + putamen

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4
Q

What makes up the lentiform nucleus

A

Putamen + globus pallidus

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5
Q

What separates the putamen and thalamus

A

Internal capsule

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6
Q

Are the basal ganglia grey matter or white matter

A

Grey

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7
Q

What shape is the caudate nucleus and what lobes if it in

A

C shape
Head in frontal, tail in temporal

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8
Q

What shape are the putamen nuclei

A

Round

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9
Q

2 parts of the globus pallidus and their functions

A

External - relay information between other basal ganglia nuclei and internal globus pallidus
Internal - sends output to thalamus

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10
Q

Internal capsule

A

White matter structure separating lentiform nucleus and mandate nucleus from thalamus

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11
Q

Internal capsule function

A

Carries info past basal ganglia

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12
Q

What basal ganglia function involves the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra

A

Motor function

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13
Q

Main blood supply of basal ganglia

A

Lenticulostriate arteries - body of caudate + putamen
Anterior cerebral artery - head of caudate + putamen + globus pallidus
Anterior choroidal artery - int globus pallidus
Posterior cerebral artery - substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus

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14
Q

Where do the lenticulostriate arteries branch from

A

Middle cerebral artery

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15
Q

What structure receives all inputs to the basal ganglia

A

Dorsal striatum

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16
Q

What brain structures send inputs to the basal ganglia

A

Cerebral cortex
Substantia nigra pars compacta

17
Q

What pathway brings inputs from the cerebral cortex to the basal ganglia

A

Corticostriatal pathway

18
Q

What pathway brings dopaminergic inputs

A

Nigrostriatal pathway

19
Q

What are the most abundant type of neurones in the dorsal striatum

A

Medium spiny neurones

20
Q

Why do medium spiny neurons have large dendritic trees

A

Receive a lot of info from different brain regions

21
Q

What types of convergent inputs go to the medium spiny neurons

A

Glutamergic
Dopaminergic
GABAergic

22
Q

Where are the medium spiny neurones

A

Striatum

23
Q

Output zone of basal ganglia

A

Globus pallidus ext and int
Substantia nigra pars reticula

24
Q

Where do the basal ganglia output zones project to

A

GPe -> subthalamic nucleus
GPi -> ventral anterior/ ventrolateral thalamic nuclear complex
SNr -> superior colliculus

25
Q

Are inputs to the basal ganglia convergent or divergent

A

Convergent

26
Q

3 loops between the cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus

A

Motor loop
Associative loop
Limbic loop

27
Q

Where are the upper motor neurones influenced by the GPi and SNr

A

GPi - frontal cortex (via thalamus)
SNr - superior colliculus

28
Q

Disinhibition

A

Excitation by double inhibition

29
Q

Are glutamate and GABA excitatory or inhibitory

A

Glutamate excitatory
GABA inhibitory

30
Q

Are inputs and outputs of the striatum excitatory or inhibitory

A

Inputs excitatory
Outputs inhibitory -> disinhibition of thalamus

31
Q

When the striatum is excited, are the GP, VA/VL complex of the thalamus, and UMNs in the cortex excited or inhibited in the direct pathway

A

GP inhibited
VA/VL of thalamus disinhibited (excited)
UMNs excited

32
Q

Direct pathway effect on thalamus

A

Excites motor thalamus by removing tonic inhibition from GPi

33
Q

Direct pathway

A

Sensory+assoc cornices -> dorsal striatum -> GPi -> motor thalamus -> supplementary motor cortex

BB2 (26 decks)

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