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AUDE 5160 > vestibular anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

vestibular anatomy and physiology Flashcards

1
Q

vestibular pathway

A

8VVCROSS

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2
Q

8VVCROSS

A

CN 8, vestibular nucleus ipsilateral, vestibular nucellus contralateral, cerebellum, reticular formation, occular muscles via CN 3/4/6, spinal cord, and superior sylvian sulcus/S1

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3
Q

3 areas that control our balance

A

visual, somatosensory (proprioception), and vestibular senses

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4
Q

what area helps with dynamic body stability

A

vestibular

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5
Q

what area helps with standing balance

A

proprioception

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6
Q

outer wall of peripheral vestibular system

A

bony labyrinth
-filled with perilymph

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7
Q

inner bony labyrinth

A

membranous labyrinth
-filled with endolymph

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8
Q

5 sensory organs housed within each membranous labyrinth

A

utricle macula, saccule macula, and three cristae ampulla’s

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9
Q

vestibular nerve

A

portion of CN 8
-superior and inferior portion

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10
Q

superior vestibular nerve (SVN) innervates …

A

lateral (horizontal) ampullary nerve, superior (anterior) ampullary nerve, and utricle nerve

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11
Q

inferior vestibular nerve (IVN) innervates ….

A

saccule nerve and posterior ampullary nerve

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12
Q

crista ampulla

A

seen at the end of the canals
-one for each SCC

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13
Q

cupula

A

accessory structure that assists the sterocillia to move as a result of fluid movement
-sensitive to motion

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14
Q

maculae

A

seen within the utricle and saccule
-contains otolithic membrane, otoliths, and supporting cells

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15
Q

otolithic membrane

A

when gravity pulls it, it bends and shears the sterocilia
-“jell-o”

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16
Q

vestibular hair cell types

A

type 1 : flask shaped with large nerve chalice (similar to IHC)
-afferent function
type 2 : cylindrical (similar to OHC)
-efferent function

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17
Q

utricle

A

plays a role in postural control and primarily sense changes in orientation with respect to gravity
-closest to SCC

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18
Q

saccule

A

believed to register vertical movements, so therefore oriented to the vertical plane
-closest to cochlea

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19
Q

otoconia

A

layers of calcium carbonate crystals within the otoconial membrane (macula)
-ear dust or ear crystals
-calcium carbonate mixed with a protein mix

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20
Q

what is the function of otoconia

A

-any movement relative to support structures results in stimulation of sensory cells
-their density allows the utricle to respond transiently to linear acceleration

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21
Q

what is just below the otoconia

A

otolithic membrane
-remember this bends and shears the sterocilia

22
Q

what causes otoconia to lag

A

density and weight
-after several seconds of linear movement, they will catch up

23
Q

striola

A

this is a imaginary line that is through the long axis of each maculae
-hair cells are organized around this

24
Q

how are the semicircular canals oriented

A

they are orthogonal
-right angles to each other

25
what are the SCC responsible for
pitch, yaw, and roll
26
pitch and SCC
shaking head yes
27
yaw and SCC
shaking head no
28
roll and SCC
tilting head to the side
29
what type of acceleration is good for SCC
angular
30
what are the sensory cells within the SCC
cristae -housed within the ampullae
31
organization of vestibular hair cells
one kinocilium and several sterocilia that are arranged in a stair step pattern
32
depolarization within a hair cell
movement that causes sterocilia to flow toward the kinocilium -increase in electrical potential
33
hyperpolarization within a hair cell
movement that causes sterocilia to flow away from kinocilium -decrease in electrical potential
34
excitatory direction of kinocilia within SCC
-towards utricle in horizontal canal -not towards utricle within anterior and posterior canal
35
explain the process that occurs if the head turns left
-when head turns to the left, the eyes will want to stay looking right -fluid will go to the right -fluid is going to hit and excit the left side and will inhibit the right side
36
______ detect angular acceleration
ampullae
37
_________ detect linear acceleration or gravitation pull
maculae
38
vestibular nuclei divisions
superior, medial, lateral and inferior
39
superior vestibular nuclei (SVN)
oculomotor control through nuclei of CN 3, 4, and 6 -VOR
40
medial vestibular nuclei (MVN)
give rise to the medial vestibulospinal tract (MVST) -reflex control of neck movement -VOR -coordination of head and eye movements to maintain a stable gaze while the head is moving
41
lateral vestibular nuclei (LVN)
gives rise to lateral vestibulospinal tract (LVST) -facilitates antigravity muscles (upper extremity flexors and lower extremity extensors)
42
inferior vestibular nuclei (IVN)
functions to integrate peripheral input (from right and left) with input from the cerebellum
43
direction of 8VVCROSS
comes in from CN 8 and synapsed on all vestibular nuclei, this is followed by : -some signals going to cerebellum -some will cross to contralateral side of VN -some will go down the spinal cord -some will go to the eyes and cortex -in other words, there will be outward, downward and upward at the same time
44
within the spinal cord, the _______ side is sensory information
dorsal
45
within the spinal cord, the ________ side is motor information
ventral -this is where the MLF and LVST will go down on
46
what is VOR
vestibulo-ocular reflex -helps maintain a stable visual image on the reitna while the head is moving -LR6 SO4 and all the rest are three
47
how does VOR work
-head turning to left, eyes to right -bone has to go to the left and fluid that is inside will go opposite direction -stimulating hair cells because of the axis and it is going to send an excitatory signal to MVN and SVN -exciting left canal -goes through medial longitudinal fascicules -ipsi CN 3 and contra CN 6 will be activated -those nuclei's will lead to eye muscles that will orient the eyes
48
nystagmus
VOR being activated when it shouldn't be activated -rhythmic eye movement or beating of the eyes in one direction
49
what eye muscles are associated with anterior semicircular canal
superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, and superior oblique
50
what eye muscles are associated with posterior semicircular canal
superior oblique, inferior oblique, inferior rectus, and superior rectus
51
what eye muscles are associated with lateral semicircular canal
medial rectus and lateral rectus
52
how do semicircular canal's pair
anterior with contralateral posterior and lateral with lateral

AUDE 5160 (23 decks)

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