osteology

Question 1

red blood marrow

Answer 1

produces red and white blood cells

Question 2

axial skeleton

Answer 2

80 bones
-within the central core of the body

Question 3

appendicular bones

Answer 3

126 bones
-comprised of the hands, feet, upper and lower extremity, shoulder girdle and pelvic bones

Question 4

what are the functions of bones?

Answer 4

support, protection, movement, production of blood cells, and storage of minerals

Question 5

cranial bones

Answer 5

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid

Question 6

facial bones

Answer 6

nasal bones, nasal conchae, palatine, maxillary, zygomatic, lacrimal, vomer and mandible

Question 7

what cranial bones are paired?

Answer 7

parietal and temporal

Question 8

hyoid

Answer 8

suspended by ligaments from styloid process
-supports the tongue

Question 9

vertebrae

Answer 9

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx

Question 10

kyphosis

Answer 10

over curvature of the thoracic area
-hunchback

Question 11

lordosis

Answer 11

accentuated inward curvature in the lumbar spine
-can be temporary with pregnancy

Question 12

scoliosis

Answer 12

side to side s curve of the spinal column

Question 13

sphenoid

Answer 13

‘winged animal” appearance

Question 14

temporal bone

Answer 14

houses the auditory vestibular system

Question 15

4 major divisions of the temporal bone

Answer 15

squamous, mastoid, tympanic, petrous

Question 16

squamous portion

Answer 16

big portion on lateral or medial side

Question 17

tympanic portion

Answer 17

bone that makes up the bony portion of the external auditory canal

Question 18

petrous portion

Answer 18

medial view with the petrous apex

Question 19

palatine bone

Answer 19

hard and soft palate
-cleft palate can occur if it is not closed off in development

Question 20

maxillary

Answer 20

upper lip/top portion of mouth

Question 21

zygomatic bone

Answer 21

cheeck bone

Question 22

lacrimal

Answer 22

inside of eye area

Question 23

nasal conchae

Answer 23

deeper within the nose, where separation occurs of the two sinuses

Question 24

vomer bone

Answer 24

near the nose, small bone at the bottom of nose

Question 25

mandible

Answer 25

lower jaw

Question 26

4 sinuses

Answer 26

frontal sinus, ethmoid sinus, sphenoidal sinus, maxillary sinus

Question 27

how do the names of the sinuses relate to their location

Answer 27

related to the bone they are sitting on

Question 28

carotid canal

Answer 28

allowing carotid artery to give blood to the brain

Question 29

foramina/foramen

Answer 29

opening (singular/plural)

Question 30

anterior cranial fossa

Answer 30

cranial nerve 3, 4, and 6 lead through to go to the eye muscles

Question 31

petrous ridge

Answer 31

internal acoustic meatus is on the internal part of the ridge -cranial nerve 7 and 8 run in this

Question 32

cribriform plate

Answer 32

inferior view on nasal bones -fibers from cranial nerve 1

Question 33

optic canal

Answer 33

goes to eye sockets

Question 34

foramen ovale

Answer 34

in front of spinosum -cranial nerve 5 will have parts transmitted here

Question 35

foramen lacerum

Answer 35

carotid canal

Question 36

clivius

Answer 36

the "slide" to get out to the foramen magnum

Question 37

jugular foramen

Answer 37

sinuses dump into this and fluid goes through here from the brain

Question 38

foramen magnum

Answer 38

spinal cord transitions to brain stem within this opening

Question 39

posterior cranial fossa

Answer 39

has pockets for the cerebellum

Question 40

shoulder girdles

Answer 40

clavicle and scapula

Question 41

clavicle

Answer 41

collarbone -articulates with the manubrium of sternum and scapula

Question 42

scapula

Answer 42

shoulder bone -articulates with clavicle, and head of humerus

Question 43

arm bones

Answer 43

humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

Question 44

humerus

Answer 44

upper arm bone

Question 45

ulna

Answer 45

long medial bone

Question 46

radius

Answer 46

shorter lateral bone -on thumb side to get radial pulse

Question 47

carpals

Answer 47

wrist

Question 48

metacarpals

Answer 48

hand fingers -5 per hand

Question 49

phalanges

Answer 49

fingers -14 per hand (3 for finger, 2 for thumb)

Question 50

leg bones

Answer 50

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 51

femur

Answer 51

upper leg

Question 52

patella

Answer 52

kneecap

Question 53

tibia

Answer 53

shinbone

Question 54

fibula

Answer 54

calf bone -lateral and parallel to tibia

Question 55

tarsals

Answer 55

ankle -talus is ankle bone -calcaneus is heel

Question 56

phalanges

Answer 56

toes

Question 57

metatarsals

Answer 57

forefoot

Question 58

4 types of fractures

Answer 58

greenstick, closed, open, and comminuted

Question 59

greenstick fracture

Answer 59

incomplete -bone is bent and broken on outer part -seen mainly in kids

Question 60

closed fracture

Answer 60

simple or complete when skin is intact

Question 61

open fracture

Answer 61

bone protrudes through skin -compound

Question 62

comminuted fracture

Answer 62

shattered bone

Question 63

how does a bone heal?

Answer 63

stimulates osteocytes to proliferate (mature osteoblasts), matrix secreted to form new bone, osteoclasts form immune system reabsorb bone

Question 64

partners of bones

Answer 64

cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

Question 65

cartilage

Answer 65

cushions the bone

Question 66

tendons

Answer 66

attach muscle to the bone

Question 67

ligaments

Answer 67

attach bone to bone