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AUDE 5160 > osteology > Flashcards

osteology Flashcards

1
Q

red blood marrow

A

produces red and white blood cells

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2
Q

axial skeleton

A

80 bones
-within the central core of the body

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3
Q

appendicular bones

A

126 bones
-comprised of the hands, feet, upper and lower extremity, shoulder girdle and pelvic bones

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4
Q

what are the functions of bones?

A

support, protection, movement, production of blood cells, and storage of minerals

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5
Q

cranial bones

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid

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6
Q

facial bones

A

nasal bones, nasal conchae, palatine, maxillary, zygomatic, lacrimal, vomer and mandible

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7
Q

what cranial bones are paired?

A

parietal and temporal

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8
Q

hyoid

A

suspended by ligaments from styloid process
-supports the tongue

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9
Q

vertebrae

A

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx

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10
Q

kyphosis

A

over curvature of the thoracic area
-hunchback

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11
Q

lordosis

A

accentuated inward curvature in the lumbar spine
-can be temporary with pregnancy

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12
Q

scoliosis

A

side to side s curve of the spinal column

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13
Q

sphenoid

A

‘winged animal” appearance

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14
Q

temporal bone

A

houses the auditory vestibular system

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15
Q

4 major divisions of the temporal bone

A

squamous, mastoid, tympanic, petrous

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16
Q

squamous portion

A

big portion on lateral or medial side

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17
Q

tympanic portion

A

bone that makes up the bony portion of the external auditory canal

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18
Q

petrous portion

A

medial view with the petrous apex

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19
Q

palatine bone

A

hard and soft palate
-cleft palate can occur if it is not closed off in development

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20
Q

maxillary

A

upper lip/top portion of mouth

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21
Q

zygomatic bone

A

cheeck bone

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22
Q

lacrimal

A

inside of eye area

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23
Q

nasal conchae

A

deeper within the nose, where separation occurs of the two sinuses

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24
Q

vomer bone

A

near the nose, small bone at the bottom of nose

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25
Q

mandible

A

lower jaw

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26
Q

4 sinuses

A

frontal sinus, ethmoid sinus, sphenoidal sinus, maxillary sinus

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27
Q

how do the names of the sinuses relate to their location

A

related to the bone they are sitting on

28
Q

carotid canal

A

allowing carotid artery to give blood to the brain

29
Q

foramina/foramen

A

opening (singular/plural)

30
Q

anterior cranial fossa

A

cranial nerve 3, 4, and 6 lead through to go to the eye muscles

31
Q

petrous ridge

A

internal acoustic meatus is on the internal part of the ridge
-cranial nerve 7 and 8 run in this

32
Q

cribriform plate

A

inferior view on nasal bones
-fibers from cranial nerve 1

33
Q

optic canal

A

goes to eye sockets

34
Q

foramen ovale

A

in front of spinosum
-cranial nerve 5 will have parts transmitted here

35
Q

foramen lacerum

A

carotid canal

36
Q

clivius

A

the “slide” to get out to the foramen magnum

37
Q

jugular foramen

A

sinuses dump into this and fluid goes through here from the brain

38
Q

foramen magnum

A

spinal cord transitions to brain stem within this opening

39
Q

posterior cranial fossa

A

has pockets for the cerebellum

40
Q

shoulder girdles

A

clavicle and scapula

41
Q

clavicle

A

collarbone
-articulates with the manubrium of sternum and scapula

42
Q

scapula

A

shoulder bone
-articulates with clavicle, and head of humerus

43
Q

arm bones

A

humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

44
Q

humerus

A

upper arm bone

45
Q

ulna

A

long medial bone

46
Q

radius

A

shorter lateral bone
-on thumb side to get radial pulse

47
Q

carpals

A

wrist

48
Q

metacarpals

A

hand fingers
-5 per hand

49
Q

phalanges

A

fingers
-14 per hand (3 for finger, 2 for thumb)

50
Q

leg bones

A

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

51
Q

femur

A

upper leg

52
Q

patella

A

kneecap

53
Q

tibia

A

shinbone

54
Q

fibula

A

calf bone
-lateral and parallel to tibia

55
Q

tarsals

A

ankle
-talus is ankle bone
-calcaneus is heel

56
Q

phalanges

A

toes

57
Q

metatarsals

A

forefoot

58
Q

4 types of fractures

A

greenstick, closed, open, and comminuted

59
Q

greenstick fracture

A

incomplete
-bone is bent and broken on outer part
-seen mainly in kids

60
Q

closed fracture

A

simple or complete when skin is intact

61
Q

open fracture

A

bone protrudes through skin
-compound

62
Q

comminuted fracture

A

shattered bone

63
Q

how does a bone heal?

A

stimulates osteocytes to proliferate (mature osteoblasts), matrix secreted to form new bone, osteoclasts form immune system reabsorb bone

64
Q

partners of bones

A

cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

65
Q

cartilage

A

cushions the bone

66
Q

tendons

A

attach muscle to the bone

67
Q

ligaments

A

attach bone to bone

AUDE 5160 (23 decks)

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