myology

Question 1

myology

Answer 1

study of muscles

Question 2

3 types of muscles

Answer 2

smooth, striated/skeletal, cardiac

Question 3

smooth muscle

Answer 3

involuntary, controlled by ANS
-found in hollow structures, not striated

Question 4

function of smooth muscle

Answer 4

contracts to move things along within tubes

Question 5

striated/skeletal muscle

Answer 5

causes body to move, striped, voluntary
-origin and insertion

Question 6

functions of striated/skeletal muscle

Answer 6

voluntary movement, maintain posture, and generates heat

Question 7

cardiac muscle

Answer 7

only within the heart, striated, controlled by ANS

Question 8

function of cardiac muscle

Answer 8

coordinated pumping

Question 9

main characteristics of muscle cells

Answer 9

excitability, conductivity, contractibility, and elasticity

Question 10

uninucleate vs. multinucleate cells

Answer 10

uni : smooth and cardiac
multi : skeletal muscle cells

Question 11

what are muscle names based around

Answer 11

action, shape, origin/insertion, location, divisions, and direction of fibers

Question 12

flexors

Answer 12

bend limb at joint
-dorsiflexors (raise foot at ankle)

Question 13

extensor

Answer 13

straightens limb at joint

Question 14

abductors

Answer 14

moves limb away from midline

Question 15

adductors

Answer 15

bring limb towards body

Question 16

rotators

Answer 16

revolves limb around axis

Question 17

supinators

Answer 17

turn palm upward

Question 18

pronators

Answer 18

turn palm downward

Question 19

levators

Answer 19

raise a part of the body

Question 20

depressors

Answer 20

lower a part of the body

Question 21

agonist (prime movers)

Answer 21

bring about an action

Question 22

antagonists

Answer 22

oppose agonists

Question 23

synergists

Answer 23

assist prime movers

Question 24

fixator

Answer 24

muscle that stabilizes the origin of agonist

Question 25

example of a movement parts with a bicep curl

Answer 25

agonist - bicep antagonist - tricep synergist -brachioradials fixator - rotator cuff

Question 26

frontalis

Answer 26

big muscle on forehead -emotions move it -over frontal bone

Question 27

temporalis

Answer 27

covers temporal bone and temporal lobe -tightening jaw

Question 28

orbicularis oculi

Answer 28

round muscle around the eye

Question 29

masseter

Answer 29

chewing and moving of jaw

Question 30

buccinator

Answer 30

cheek muscle -outside cheek

Question 31

orbicularis oris

Answer 31

round muscle around mouth

Question 32

platysma

Answer 32

comes from jaw into neck

Question 33

sternocleidomastoid

Answer 33

helps with head turns and moving head downward -from clavicle to sternum

Question 34

eye muscles ....

Answer 34

all work together in a way -6 total

Question 35

superior rectus

Answer 35

elevates -UP

Question 36

inferior rectus

Answer 36

depresses -down

Question 37

medial rectus

Answer 37

adducts -inward toward nose

Question 38

lateral rectus

Answer 38

abducts -away from body

Question 39

superior oblique

Answer 39

intorsion -SODA (superior oblique down and away)

Question 40

inferior oblique

Answer 40

extortion -up and away

Question 41

cranial nerve and eye muscle

Answer 41

LR6 SO4 all the rest are 3

Question 42

motor unit

Answer 42

muscle cells innervated by one motor neuron -excite and contract together

Question 43

endomysium

Answer 43

individual fibers wrapped

Question 44

perimysium

Answer 44

bundles of fibers are wrapped

Question 45

epimysium

Answer 45

bundles of bundles are wrapped

Question 46

fascia

Answer 46

muscle trunk covered by this

Question 47

tendons

Answer 47

attached to bones

Question 48

resting membrane potential

Answer 48

difference in electrical status of inside vs. outside of the cell

Question 49

chain reaction of ACh

Answer 49

motor neuron innervates muscles and the terminal bouton of the axons dump neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) at the synapse; the Ach binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane and causes ion channels to open

Question 50

action potential

Answer 50

after a voltage threshold is reached, impulse is generated within muscles which signal for contraction -must reach the potential to send down contraction

Question 51

what happens after a contraction

Answer 51

sodium potassium pump restores the resting membrane potential -uses ATP energy -Na out, K in -Ca gets absorbed