final practical Flashcards
vertebral arteries
what branches downward into vertebral column
-divides off into two sides from basilar artery
basilar artery
main center artery
-every artery branches off
anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
branch off of the basilar artery
-at base of cerebellum
what comes out of the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries?
labyrinthine artery
-unlikely to be seen on a brain specimen
lobes of the brain
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, limbic, and insula
frontal lobe
frontal pole of head
-higher processing : thinking, decision making, planning
parietal lobe
sensory information
temporal lobe
bottom and side of head
-auditory information
occipital lobe
back pole of head
-visual information
limbic lobe
surrounding corpus callosum
-memory and emotions
insula lobe
interior lobe within the opening of sylvian fissure
-involved in consciousness
central sulcus
separates frontal from parietal lobe
precentral gyrus
gyrus in front of central sulcus
-M1
postcentral gyrus
gyrus behind the central sulcus
-S1
lateral (sylvian) sulcus
between frontal and temporal lobe
longitudinal fissure
separates the two hemispheres
angular gyrus
where the lateral sulcus end
supramarginal gyrus
area above the ending of lateral sulcus
layers of meninges
PAD
-pia, arachnoid, dura
broca’s area
within frontal lobe
-inferior location
wernicke’s area
posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus
CN 7
pons level
-superior
CN 8
pons level
-inferior/lateral to CN 7
where is CN 10
medulla level
cerebellum
two ball like shapes on the posterior side of brainstem
-hang off the braim
vermis
medial portion of cerebellum
-connects the sides
nodulus
toward midline from the flocculus
flocculus
above tonsil
-follow this to the nodulus
tonsil of cerebellum
bump hanging off cerebellum
arbor vitae
the branching of nerve tissue within cerebellum
cerebellar peduncles
superior, middle, and inferior
sagittal slice
dividing into left and right portions
coronal slice
dividing into front and back portions
horizontal or transverse slice
dividing into top and bottom portions
corpus callosum
center “c” within a sagittal slice
-below the limbic lobe
divisions of corpus callosum
rostrum, genu, trunk, sulcus, splenium
anterior commissure
most anterior portion of the corpus callosum
ventricles
3rd, 4th, and lateral
lateral ventricles
wraps around the thalamus
3rd ventricle
between the two thalami
4th ventricle
posterior to pons and medulla
septum pellucidum
space within the corpus callosum
brainstem structures
midbrain, pons, medulla
fornix
smalller “c” shape structure under the septum pellucidum
thalamus
structure on top of midbrain
-2 thalami
cerebral aqueduct
runs down the back side of medulla
-between the 3rd and 4th ventricle
choroid plexus
within pia layer and lines ventricles
substantia nigra
coronal slice : lateral to 3rd ventricle and hypothalamus
-black brain matter
corona radiata
light colored brain area
-bundles going from thalamus out to cortex
internal capsule
horizontal slice : from ending of lateral ventricle to the end of the thalamus
auditory radiations
fibers between the MGB and the A1
M1
precentral gyrus
-primary motor
S1
postcentral gyrus
-primary somatosensory
A1
heschl’e gyrus
-primary auditory
V1
pole of occipital lobe
-primary visual
hippocampus
horizontal slice : comes off bottom portion of internal capsule and located at the lateral portion of this
planum temporale
secondary auditory area
-behind A1
review skull/cranium
include fossa and foramen
temporal bone portions
squamous, mastoid, petrous and tympanic
internal auditory canal
medial view within petrous portion
carotid canal
end of petrous portion (most medial)
-seen as an underview of skull near sphenoid bone
groove of the sigmoid sinus
within mastoid portion the temporal bone
-medial view
mastoid air cells
protective function
-within mastoid portion and appears as bubbles
semicircular canals
anterior (superior), horizonatal, and posterior (lateral)
external auditory meatus
tympanic portion on lateral view
8CSLIMA
CN 8, cochlea nucleus, superior olivary complex, lateral lemniscus, inferior collicullis, medial geniculate nucleus, A1
CN 8
first step of the 8CSLIMA
cochlear nucleus
4th ventricle area
superior olivary complex
medial on pons
lateral lemniscus
fibers on lateral edges of pons
inferior colliculus
bulge under thalamus
medial geniculate nucleus
on edge of IC
-includes LGB
A1
heschl’s gyrus
-frontal off of corona radiata
-in front of planum temporale
outer ear
pinna and external canal
middle ear
TM, ossicles, ET, round and oval window to go into inner ear
inner ear
cochlea, semicircular canals and internal acoustic canal
arcuate fasciculus
bundle of axons that connect broca’s to wenicke’s
organ of corti model
sits on the membrane
scala vestibuli
top cavity in cochlea
scala media
middle cavity within cochlea
scala tympani
bottom cavity in cochlea
spiral ganglion
comes off of CN 8 fibers, leads into basilar membrane
reissner’s membrane
below the vestibuli and above the media
basilar membrane
below scala media and above scala tympani
osseus spiral lamina
medial portion of basilar membrane
-on scale tympani side
spiral limbus
most medial portion, just below reissner’s membrane
-connect to the edge of the tectorial membrane
tectorial membrane
medial section of scala media but lateral of spiral limbus
inner hair cell location within organ of corti
first medial row of hair cells under tectorial membrane
nuel’s space
between outer hair cells and internal pillar
deiters cells
sits under outer hair cells
outer hair cell location within organ of corti
multiple rows of hair cells, lateral of tunnel of corti
tunnel of corti
between inner and outer hair cells
hensen’s cell
lateral of outer hair cells
claudius cell
above spiral ligament and lateral of hensen’s cells
spiral ligament
at lateral edge of basilar membrane
stria vascularis
on lateral (temporal bone) edge of scale media
spiral prominence
bulge on the temporal bone side
8VVCROSS
CN 8, vestibular nuclei ipsi, vestibular nuclei contra, cerebellum, reticular formation, oculomotor muscle nuclei, spinal cord, sensory area/sylvian fissure/S1
inner spiral sulcus
medial and inferior to the tectorial membrane
-hole/opening right off of spiral limbus
internal pillar epithelial cell
lateral to inner hair cells
external pillar epithelial cell
lateral to internal pillar epithelial cells
outer tunnel
between outer hair cells and outer border cells
-end of tectorial membrane
outer border cell
medial of hensen’s cells
inner border cell
medial to inner hair cells
inner phalangeal epithelial cell
inferior and lateral to inner hair cells
inner tunnel
inferior to the pillar epithelial cells
vessel of basilar membrane
inferior to the tunnel and at a center point on the basilar membrane
boettcher’s cell
cell type directly on top of the basilar membrane
-below hensen’s cells
fibroblast
between stria vasculalris and temporal bone
-“blue wave” like appearance on model
