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AUDE 5160 > outer ear > Flashcards

outer ear Flashcards

1
Q

structures of the outer ear

A

pinna (auricle), external auditory meatus (canal), and ends at the tympanic membrane

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2
Q

physiological aspect of the outer ear

A

conductive mechanism

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3
Q

how is the skin of the ear related to the skin on our body

A

skin is continuous with the skin covering the body

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4
Q

pinna

A

outside part of the ear (auricle)

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5
Q

lobule

A

lobe of ear

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6
Q

tragus

A

nub that stands out in front of canal

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7
Q

intertragal notch

A

notch under the tragus

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8
Q

antitragus

A

back side of ear, opposite of intertragal notch

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9
Q

concha

A

area within ear before going into the canal

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10
Q

cavum

A

“cave” going into the canal

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11
Q

cymba

A

top tuck above the concha

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12
Q

helix

A

back rim that goes around the pinna

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13
Q

crus of helix

A

arm of the helix

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14
Q

antihelix

A

little rim inside of the concha

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15
Q

crural of antihelix

A

two smaller arm reaching out to the helix on the top part of the ear

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16
Q

triangular fossa

A

in between crural of antihelix

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17
Q

scaphoid fossa

A

between helix and antihelix

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18
Q

tubercle

A

little bump on helix
-not very prominent for some people

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19
Q

nervous supply to outer ear

A

-great auricular nerve (C2 and C3)
-lesser occipital nerve (C2, C3)

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20
Q

external auditory canal (external auditory meatus)

A

tube like channel of the external ear extending from the pinna to the tympanic membrane
-more oval shaped

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21
Q

average length of the external ear canal

A

2.5 cm length
-25 mm

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22
Q

average length of the canal in females

A

28 mm

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23
Q

average canal length in males

A

30 mm

24
Q

outer half of the external auditory canal

A

supported by cartilage, thin skin with dermal papillae
-cartilaginous

25
Q

inner half of the external auditory canal

A

supported by bone, small hairs and glands along upper wall only
-bony

26
Q

how many curves does the canal have

A

2

27
Q

isthmus

A

narrowest portion of the canal

28
Q

fissures of santorini

A

where cartilage is ending and bone begins
-potential infection path

29
Q

how is the fissure of santorini a potential pathway for infection

A

because the cartilage is not continuous

30
Q

physiology of the external auditory canal

A

protective function
-achieved by anatomy (angled direction)

31
Q

what part of the external ear canal is longer?

A

the floor/inferior wall in longer than the ceiling/superior wall

32
Q

cerumen

A

ear wax

33
Q

how is cerumen produced?

A

ceruminous glands
-modified apocrine sweat glands with combination of sebaceous glands

34
Q

what is epithelial migration

A

within a normal ear canal, the surface of the skin moves laterally from the medial end to the lateral end
-purpose is to keep the canal free of debris

35
Q

what is the purpose of cerumen

A

lubricates, protects, and provides moisture
-natural
-antibacterial and anti-fungal properties

36
Q

biochemistry of cerumen

A

mixture of lipids, proteins, aminos acids, and mineral ions

37
Q

properties of canal hairs

A

-short hair
-medial hairs lay at a angle
-lateral hairs are more upright

38
Q

cranial nerve innervation of the outer ear

A

trigeminal, facial, and vagus (5, 7, 10)

39
Q

what branch of the trigeminal nerve

A

auriculotemporal branch of mandibular division of CN 5

40
Q

what branch of the facial nerve

A

posterior auricular branch of CN 7

41
Q

what branch of the vagus nerve

A

auricular branch of CN 10 (arnold’s nerve)

42
Q

vagus reflex

A

may be evoked during insertion of an otoblock used in making earmold impressions, cerumen management, and rarely with hearing aids
-arnold’s nerve or ear-cough reflex

43
Q

what can the vagus reflex cause

A

cough reflex, sneezing, gagging, vomiting, syncope, cardiac depression, dizziness

44
Q

non-acoustic occlusion effect

A

making a plugged up feeling
-nerve and tissue are swelling up which makes this feeling

45
Q

trigeminal reflex

A

can cause excessive vascularization and thickening of the TM during otoscopy, otoblock insertion, and during hearing aid wearing
-red reflex

46
Q

lymphatic reflex

A

slow reflex which may result from over wearing of hearing aids during the adaptation period
-might need to slow into full time hearing aid wearing

47
Q

sound pressure gain

A

external ear can be considered a passive amplifier that increases the sound pressure level at the eardrum compared to the SPL in the air outside the head

48
Q

ear canal resonance

A

one lumped resonance based on sound pressure at various areas within the ear

49
Q

how does the external auditory canal act as a resonator

A

it is a closed (on one end) tube resonator

50
Q

fundamental frequency for the resonance

A

will be 1/4 of the wavelength when it is closed at one end
-what length it will resonant the best at

51
Q

effects of the ear canal and resonance

A

the resonant frequency is based on the tube length
-considered to be a tube that is closed on one end
-average ear canal has a resonant frequency of around 3000 Hz

52
Q

effects of the ear canal and pinna combined on resonance

A

causes a slightly different sound pressure curve
-concha serves as a end correction and lowers the resonant frequency to around 2700 (17 dB) Hz
-produces a composite curve with two peaks (2700 and 5000 Hz)

53
Q

inverse square law

A

as the energy spreads out from the source, it will cover more area and each block will be 1/4th the intensity
-larger receiver will pick up more energy

54
Q

more medial canal hairs lie ______ , more lateral canal hairs lie _______

A

flat, oblique

55
Q

what do the bends in the canal do

A

reduce occlusion effects

AUDE 5160 (23 decks)

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