nervous system Flashcards
two branches of the nervous system
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
central nervous system (CNS)
encased in bones of the skull and vertebral column
cerebrum
sensory, motor, and higher mental function
6 lobes of the cerebrum
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, limbic, and insula
frontal lobe
higher processes : thinking, decision making, planning
parietal lobe
processes sensory information
temporal lobe
auditory
-superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyrus
occipital lobe
visual information
limbic lobe
processes memory and emotion
-midsagittal cut to see it
-around corpus callosum
insula lobe
involved in consciousness
-pull temporal lobe down and lift up on parietal and frontal lobe
gyrus
fold
-the hills
sulcus
groove
-the valleys
central sulcus of rolando
between frontal and parietal lobe
lateral sulcus
on the edge of the temporal lobe
angular gyrus
back corner/angle of temporal lobe
-below sylvian sulcus
supramarginal gyrus
above the sylvian sulcus
precentral gyrus
frontal lobe side
-primary motor strip
postcentral gyrus
parietal lobe side
-primary somatosensory strip
how is HAL situated
knee and foot bent around into central sulcus, anterior is hand then anterior and inferior is the face
-mapped for how much control or sensitivity you need for different areas
fissures
deep grooves
-i.e. separation of hemispheres
cerebellum
balance and coordinated movement
-layered tissue hanging off the back of the brain
brainstem
regulates cardiac and respiratory functions, reactions to auditory/visual stimuli
-life controlling area
-midbrain, pons, medulla
diencephalon
controls homeostasis
-thalamus, hidden unless we cut
-gateway for things coming from spinal cord to brain
-3rd ventricle
3rd ventricle
pocket between the two thalami
-fluid comes through and flows to 4th
superior temporal gyrus
temporal lobe
-primary auditory strip
meninges
dura, arachnoid, pia
-PAD (pia being closer to brain tissue)
cerebrospinal fluid
provides a fluid cushion, surrounding the brain and spinal cord
-circulated in the brain, ventricles (housed and produced)
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
consists of nerve fibers and cell bodies outside the CNS
-stuff that exists bones at some point and goes elsewhere
how do spinal nerves exit the vertebral column
they exit under their given vertebrae EXCEPT in the cervical region, they will go out above their given vertebrae
how many spinal nerves are at each level of the column
cervical : 7 vertebrae, 8 nerves
thoracic : 12 vertebrae, 12 nerves
lumbar : 5 vertebrae, 5 nerves
sacral : 1 bones, 5 nerves (5 vertebrae)
coccygeal : 1 bone, 1 nerve
motor nerves
to muscle or glands
- anterior or ventral roots
sensory nerves
from receptor organ
-posterior or dorsal roots
cranial nerves
12 nerves each with their own functions
-1 and 2 not in brainstem, the rest are resided within the brainstem
cranial nerve 1 and 2
nose and eye functions
cranial nerve 3
oculomotor nerve
cranial nerve 4
trochlear
cranial nerve 6
abducens
-lateral rectus of the eye
cranial nerve 7
facial nerve
-7 UP
cranial nerve 8
vestibulocochlear
-8 DOWN
neurons vs. glia cells
main cell vs. supporting cell
synapse
small gap that allows for an action to pass through
cranial nerves within the midbrain
3 and 4
cranial nerves within the pons
5, 6, 7, 8
cranial nerves within the medulla
9, 10, 11, 12
what is S1
somatosensory cortex
-postcentral gyrus in parietal lobe
what is M1
primary motor cortex
-precentral gyrus in frontal lobe
what is A1
primary auditory cortex
-super/medial side of superior gyrus in temporal lobe
what is V1
primary visual cortex in occipital lobe
area for broca’s aphasia
frontal lobe, above lateral fissure
area for wenicke’s aphasia
around the angular gyrus at the end of the temporal lobe
what connects broca’s and wenicke’s area
arcuate fasciculus
