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Neuro 1 > Vestibular > Flashcards

Vestibular Flashcards

1
Q

Vestibular-Cochlear systems (what brings them together)

A

Two separate systems housed in thesameend organ, with the sameperipheral innervation

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2
Q

Vestibular-Cochlear systems are innervated by what

A

CN 8 - vestibulocochlear

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3
Q

what is the difference between hearing and listening

A

hearing - accidental, involuntary, effortless

listening - focused, voluntary, intentional

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4
Q

where is the Vestibular cochlear systemanatomically

A

structures of inner ear - the petrous portion of the temporal bone

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5
Q

how may membrane does the inner ear have

A

two
out and inner membrane

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6
Q

outer membrane of the inner ear

A

osseouslabyrinthfilled with perilymphfluid

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7
Q

inner membrane of the inner ear

A

membranous labyrinthfilled with endolymph

Vestibular apparatus

Cochlea

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8
Q

what is the overall role of the Vestibular system

A

‘Sense of self-motion’, kinesthesis

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9
Q

vestibular system function

A

Contributes to our sense of self-motion bydetection of head motion

this info is used tostabilize the eyes for vision

Information about self-motion used for maintenance and recovery of balance (via descendingoutput to spinal cord centers)

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10
Q

Vestibular system’s has a an effect on what systems

A

visual andproprioceptive

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11
Q

Vestibular system’s impact on vision

A

Stabilize gaze for accurate vision

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12
Q

Vestibular system’s impact on proprioceptive

A

Generate limb and neck movements to maintain balance duringvoluntary and externally triggered movements

Expectations/predictions of self-motion related to complexvoluntary actions such as reaching and navigation

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13
Q

Neurosensory hair cells have what projecting from their apical surface

A

cilia
Multiple stereocilia; one kinocilia

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14
Q

where is the NT release form in a Neurosensory hair cell

A

base

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15
Q

what causes depolarization in a Neurosensory hair cell

A

Cilia deflected toward the kinocilia

Depolarize hair cell – increase release ofneurotransmitter, increase firing in afferent

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16
Q

what hyperpolorizes a Neurosensory hair cell

A

Cilia deflected away from the kinocilia

hyperpolarize hair cell – decreased release oftransmitter, decrease firing in afferent

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17
Q

firing rate of a Neurosensory hair cell

A

baseline firing rate (always firing this is just subject to change)

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18
Q

what are the otolith organs

A

Utricle and saccule

membranous sacs within the vestibular apparatus

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19
Q

function of the otolith organs

A

Static equilibrium, theposition of the headinspace with respect to gravity (head tilt)

Linear acceleration

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20
Q

Linear accelerationof saccule

A

Vertical direction = saccule

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21
Q

Linear accelerationof utricle

A

Horizontal direction = utricle

22
Q

what is a macula

A

found inside each utricle and saccule

hair cells are enclosed in a gelatinous mass topped by calcium carbonate crystals called otoconia

23
Q

what happens to the otoconia when you tilt your head

A

When you tilt you head the rocks move and reflect the gelatinous mass

This will deflect the cilia towards or away from the kino-cilia - effecting the firing rate

24
Q

how do we get directional sensitivity in the vestibular system

A

Orientationof thekinocilia

25
Q

What enables sensitivity in all directions

A

Positionof hair cells about thestriola

For any tilt or linear acceleration, some cells depolarize, somehyperpolarize, some no change

26
Q

what information do semicircular canals provide

A

(three canals) provide information on head turning (angular acceleration)

27
Q

ampulla

A

is a dilatation located at one end of the semicircular canal

28
Q

Haircells on the ampulla; projectcilia into what?

A

gelatinous mass called the cupula

29
Q

what is the function of the semicircular canals

A

angularacceleration, a rate of change

30
Q

what happens to the cilia when we accelerate

A

cilia deflected toward kinocilia, and hair cell depolarized; firing in afferent increases

31
Q

with deceleration what happens to the cilia

A

cilia deflected away from kinocilia and hair cell hyperpolarized; firing in afferent reduced

32
Q

with constant velocity what happens to the cilia

A

no change

33
Q

the Semicircular canals to sends input to

A

Medial and superiorvestibular nuclei, (output ofnuclei neurons)

34
Q

Medial and superiorvestibular nuclei send input to where

A

output ofnuclei neurons tomediallongitudinalfasiculus (MLF)

35
Q

Vestibulo-ocular reflexes aim

A

aim tokeep the visual image stable on the retina

stabilize eyes

36
Q

Rotationalvestibulo-ocular reflex

A

with head rotation, eyes moveopposite to head (slow phase); quick reset (fast phase)

37
Q

Translationalvestibulo-ocular reflex

A

close objects moving fast, far objects moving slower (train window)

otolithsstabilize eyes for far object

38
Q

Ocular counter-rolling response reflexes

A

with head tilt, otolithsstabilize eyes to correct for vertical offset

When you put your head down you eye will roll upward – automatic response

39
Q

Position-vestibular pause (PVP)

A

Vestibular nucleus neurons

neurons are primary forreflex

receive regular afferent inputs

transmit information aboutpassive head movement

40
Q

Floccular target (FTN)

A

Vestibular nucleus neurons

neurons important to modulate orcalibrate the reflex.

Receive irregular afferent inputs and inputsfrom flocculus of cerebellum

41
Q

Vestibulospinal reflex’s function

A

aim to integratevestibular with proprioceptive input for accurate spatial orientation

to assure upright

42
Q

Vestibular only (VO)neurons

A

contribute to vestibulospinal tracts

Less involved with head movement and gaze

43
Q

Cerebellar role in Vestibulo-ocular reflexes

A

to adapt the reflex;

bothusual vestibular inputs to cerebellum and special visual error signal fromclimbing fiber input to Purkinjecell, resets vestibular nuclei neuron tobe less sensitive to vestibular input - adapts reflex eye movement.

44
Q

role of the outer ear

A

‘catches’and transferssound waves

45
Q

loud sound protection

A

Tensor tympani muscle tightens tympanicmembrane for loud sound protection

46
Q

role of the middle ear

A

sound transformed tovibration

Stapedius muscle pulls stapes out of ovalwindow for sound power protection

47
Q

inner ear role

A

pressure waves

Neurosensory unit activated for soundreception and representation in afferentfiring pattern to central targets for hearing

48
Q

what is the Organ of Corti

A

a structure in the cochlea of the inner ear which produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations.

49
Q

Organ of Corti location

A

Located in the cochlea of the inner ear

50
Q

Located in the cochlea of the inner ear

A

perilympyh

Neuro 1 (14 decks)

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