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MolCell Unit 2 > Vest 2 > Flashcards

Vest 2 Flashcards

Flashcards for Vest Lecture 2

1
Q

A 5’ methyl G cap is added to the pre-mRNA during transcription to protect against 5’ ___________ and facilitate translation.

A

degradation

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2
Q

Internal ___________ in RNA can influence stability, splicing, and translation.

A

methylation

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3
Q

The ___________ (primary transcript) consists of exon (5’ UTR, protein-coding region, 3’ UTR) and intron sequences.

A

pre-mRNA

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4
Q

___________ occurs to remove intron sequences from the primary transcript.

A

Splicing

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5
Q

Polymerase II transcripts need ___________ (snRNA + specific protein complexes) to splice out introns.

A

snRNPs

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6
Q

snRNP 1 binds to the ___________ splice site.

A

5’

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7
Q

snRNP 2 binds to the ___________.

A

Branchpoint

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8
Q

___________ binds to the polypyrimidine tract.

A

U2AF

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9
Q

Alternative ___________ generates multiple mRNAs and proteins from a single primary transcript.

A

splicing

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10
Q

The ___________ tail consists of ~ 200 A residues.

A

poly(A)

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11
Q

The poly(A) tail has multiple functions, including protecting the mRNA from 3’ ___________ and enhancing translation.

A

degradation

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12
Q

Histone RNAs are stabilized by a 3’ ___________ structure.

A

stem-loop

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13
Q

The stem-loop of histone RNA recruits the ___________.

A

stem-loop binding protein (SLBP)

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14
Q

Downstream ___________ recruits U7 snRNP to histone RNA.

A

AAGAAG

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15
Q

SLBP and U7 recruit the ___________ complex and the histone cleavage complex (HCC) to the histone RNA.

A

FLASH/Lsm

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16
Q

The histone cleavage complex uses components of the ___________ complex including CPSF73 (aka CPSF2) to cleave the 3’ end of the histone RNA.

A

CPSF

17
Q

___________ mediates nuclear export of histone RNA by recruiting nuclear export protein ALYREF and TAP/NXF1 nuclear export receptor.

A

SLBP

18
Q

___________ like MALAT1 have 3’ triple helices.

A

lncRNAs

19
Q

The 3’ triple helices on lncRNAs serve to protect them from the nuclear ___________ and other RNA decay components.

A

exosome

20
Q

The genetic code consists of ___________ codons.

A

64

21
Q

A ___________ is a set of nucleotides (3 in number) that encodes a single amino acid.

A

codon

22
Q

___________ is the initiation codon.

A

AUG

23
Q

___________, ___________, and ___________ are termination (stop) codons.

A

UAA, UAG, and UGA

24
Q

___________ code: A specific amino acid may be specified by more than one codon.

A

Degenerate

25
Q

___________ codons: codons that specify the same amino acid.

A

Synonymous

26
Q

___________ tRNAs: different tRNAs can accept the same amino acid but have different anticodons.

A

Isoaccepting

27
Q

The reading frame of a mRNA sequence is determined by the ___________ codon and sets the translational start site.

A

start (AUG)

28
Q

___________ optimization refers to the relative abundance of the corresponding tRNAs.

A

Codon

29
Q

The ___________ of an mRNA molecule takes place on a ribosome.

A

translation

30
Q

___________-tRNA synthetases are responsible for tRNA charging.

A

Aminoacyl

31
Q

The specificity between a/an _________ and its tRNA is determined by each individual aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

A

amino acid

32
Q

tRNA ___________: the attachment of a tRNA to its appropriate amino acid.

A

charging

33
Q

The ___________–Dalgarno consensus sequence in bacterial cells is recognized by the small unit of ribosome.

A

Shine

34
Q

The ___________ sequence in eukaryotic cells facilitates the identification of the start codon.

A

Kozak

35
Q

The initiation (or start) codon in bacterial cells is usually ___________.

A

AUG

36
Q

The initiation codon in eukaryotic cells is usually ___________.

A

AUG

37
Q

During initiation in bacterial cells, the nucleotides in the Shine-Dalgarno sequence base pair with their complementary nucleotides in the ___________ small ribosomal RNA.

A

16s

38
Q

Translation initiation requires initiation factors and ___________.

A

GTP

39
Q

In eukaryotes, translation initiation is facilitated by interactions between the proteins binding the ___________ and the cap-binding proteins.

A

poly(A) tail

MolCell Unit 2 (13 decks)

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