Vest 2 Flashcards
Flashcards for Vest Lecture 2
A 5’ methyl G cap is added to the pre-mRNA during transcription to protect against 5’ ___________ and facilitate translation.
degradation
Internal ___________ in RNA can influence stability, splicing, and translation.
methylation
The ___________ (primary transcript) consists of exon (5’ UTR, protein-coding region, 3’ UTR) and intron sequences.
pre-mRNA
___________ occurs to remove intron sequences from the primary transcript.
Splicing
Polymerase II transcripts need ___________ (snRNA + specific protein complexes) to splice out introns.
snRNPs
snRNP 1 binds to the ___________ splice site.
5’
snRNP 2 binds to the ___________.
Branchpoint
___________ binds to the polypyrimidine tract.
U2AF
Alternative ___________ generates multiple mRNAs and proteins from a single primary transcript.
splicing
The ___________ tail consists of ~ 200 A residues.
poly(A)
The poly(A) tail has multiple functions, including protecting the mRNA from 3’ ___________ and enhancing translation.
degradation
Histone RNAs are stabilized by a 3’ ___________ structure.
stem-loop
The stem-loop of histone RNA recruits the ___________.
stem-loop binding protein (SLBP)
Downstream ___________ recruits U7 snRNP to histone RNA.
AAGAAG
SLBP and U7 recruit the ___________ complex and the histone cleavage complex (HCC) to the histone RNA.
FLASH/Lsm
The histone cleavage complex uses components of the ___________ complex including CPSF73 (aka CPSF2) to cleave the 3’ end of the histone RNA.
CPSF
___________ mediates nuclear export of histone RNA by recruiting nuclear export protein ALYREF and TAP/NXF1 nuclear export receptor.
SLBP
___________ like MALAT1 have 3’ triple helices.
lncRNAs
The 3’ triple helices on lncRNAs serve to protect them from the nuclear ___________ and other RNA decay components.
exosome
The genetic code consists of ___________ codons.
64
A ___________ is a set of nucleotides (3 in number) that encodes a single amino acid.
codon
___________ is the initiation codon.
AUG
___________, ___________, and ___________ are termination (stop) codons.
UAA, UAG, and UGA
___________ code: A specific amino acid may be specified by more than one codon.
Degenerate
___________ codons: codons that specify the same amino acid.
Synonymous
___________ tRNAs: different tRNAs can accept the same amino acid but have different anticodons.
Isoaccepting
The reading frame of a mRNA sequence is determined by the ___________ codon and sets the translational start site.
start (AUG)
___________ optimization refers to the relative abundance of the corresponding tRNAs.
Codon
The ___________ of an mRNA molecule takes place on a ribosome.
translation
___________-tRNA synthetases are responsible for tRNA charging.
Aminoacyl
The specificity between a/an _________ and its tRNA is determined by each individual aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
amino acid
tRNA ___________: the attachment of a tRNA to its appropriate amino acid.
charging
The ___________–Dalgarno consensus sequence in bacterial cells is recognized by the small unit of ribosome.
Shine
The ___________ sequence in eukaryotic cells facilitates the identification of the start codon.
Kozak
The initiation (or start) codon in bacterial cells is usually ___________.
AUG
The initiation codon in eukaryotic cells is usually ___________.
AUG
During initiation in bacterial cells, the nucleotides in the Shine-Dalgarno sequence base pair with their complementary nucleotides in the ___________ small ribosomal RNA.
16s
Translation initiation requires initiation factors and ___________.
GTP
In eukaryotes, translation initiation is facilitated by interactions between the proteins binding the ___________ and the cap-binding proteins.
poly(A) tail
