Menon 4 Flashcards
(35 cards)
The ability of a stem cell to differentiate into a variety of cell types is called ________________.
pluripotency
________________ are undifferentiated cells that can divide repeatedly while maintaining their undifferentiated state.
Stem cells
Name the three germ layers that pluripotent stem cells originate from: ________________, ________________, and ________________.
Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
A ________________ stem cell can generate every cell type, including extraembryonic tissues.
totipotent
A ________________ stem cell can only generate one cell type.
unipotent
The first successful isolations of ES cells were done using what two animals?
Mice and humans
________________ stem cells are generated by reprogramming differentiated cells.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
In what year did Campbell et al. clone a sheep by nuclear transfer from a cultured cell line?
1996
Gurdon demonstrated that adult frogs could be derived from the nuclei of single somatic cells in what year?
1962
Human embryonic stem cells were derived by Tachibana M, et al. in 2013 using ________________.
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
What is the original cell in the gonad that gives rise to the germline called?
Primordial germ cell (PGC)
What type of stem cell is a zygote?
Totipotent
Mouse ES cells were first isolated in ________________.
1981
What process is used to “reverse” a differentiated somatic cell into its pluripotent state?
Reprogramming
________________ cell nuclear transfer is one method of reprogramming.
Somatic
________________ pluripotent stem cells are generated by reprogramming differentiated cells.
Induced
Gurdon used ________________ to demonstrate that adult organisms could be derived from the nuclei of single somatic cells.
frogs
According to the Weissman model, ________________ cells give rise to sperm and egg cells.
primordial germ
Besides embryonic stem cells, name one other type of stem cell: ________________
Possible answers include: Somatic, iPS cells, multipotent, or unipotent
What term describes the ability of a stem cell to generate cells from all three embryonic germ layers?
Pluripotency
________________ stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass of pre-implantation embryos.
Embryonic
What does PGC stand for?
Primordial germ cells
Name three examples of somatic cells: ________________, ________________, and ________________.
Possible answers include: neurons, myocytes, and epithelia
The ________________ barrier states that the germline is separate from the soma.
Weissman