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MolCell Unit 2 > Menon 3 > Flashcards

Menon 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What graph estimates survival from lifetime data?

A

Kaplan Meier graph

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2
Q

True or False: Human testing (as opposed to mouse testing) gives association, not causality.

A

True

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3
Q

Polymorphic DNA markers such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) can be used to distinguish the __________________ of offspring chromosomes.

A

parental origin

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4
Q

_______ involves breeding an F1 mouse back to one of the parents.

A

Backcross

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5
Q

_______ involves breeding one F1 mouse to another F1 mouse.

A

F2 intercross

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6
Q

_______ is a location on a chromosome that is associated with a particular trait.

A

Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL)

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7
Q

Mice are good biological models because they allow researchers to control for environmental and genetic _______.

A

noise

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8
Q

What is the minimum requirement for a transgenic construct?

A

cDNA (coding)

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9
Q

What are some examples of quantitative traits?

A

Height, blood pressure, IQ, etc. (mentioned orally 10/8)

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10
Q

_______ is the process of replacing a normal gene with a mutant gene.

A

Gene Knockout (Gene Targeting)

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11
Q

What gene editing system is used to introduce mutations directly into the target site in embryonic stem (ES) cells?

A

CRISPR/Cas9

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12
Q

What does it mean when mouse (or another organism) breeding is “true”?

A

Based on inbreeding, the inherited maternal genome is the same as the inherited paternal genome (mentioned orally 10/8)

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13
Q

_______ are genetically identical mice that are used in research.

A

Inbred strains

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14
Q

Name three things that can be studied in mice but not humans.

A

Transgenics, knockouts, mutagenesis

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15
Q

The offspring of two distinct inbred lines are called _______ and are all identical.

A

F1

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16
Q

What is the term for the introduction of a foreign or altered gene?

A

Transgenic

17
Q

What type of alleles are still present in a transgenic mouse?

A

Normal (endogenous)

18
Q

What type of mouse allows for the study of the biological effects of a manipulated allele?

A

Knockout

19
Q

Why are F1 gametes not homozygous (in terms of polymorphisms)?

A

Due to recombination/crossing over (mentioned orally 10/8)

20
Q

What can be studied by using both the transgenic overexpression and knockout approaches?

A

Protein function/signaling pathways in embryology and physiology

21
Q

Are Backcrosses used with mapping autosomal recessive traits or autosomal dominant traits?

A

Autosomal dominant (mentioned orally 10/8)

22
Q

Protein function/signaling pathways in embryology and physiology

A

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

23
Q

The transgenic construct is integrated into what part of the mouse?

A

Genome

24
Q

What is the term for the interaction of multiple genes that can affect a trait, which needs to be considered in QTL mapping?

A

Epistasis

25
Q

A Backcross is F1 crossed with _____.

A

P (parental line)

26
Q

An intercross (F2) is F1 crossed with _______.

A

F1

27
Q

True or False: An intercross is used to map autosomal recessive traits.

A

True

28
Q

What method can be used to create intergenic suppressors of other genes?

A

Overexpressing inhibitory RNAs or proteins

29
Q

What is MoI?

A

Multiplicity of Infection (amount of virus/bacteria needed to infect an organism; varies) (mentioned orally 10/8)

30
Q

What type of expression can be studied in transgenic mice?

A

Constitutive and tissue specific expression

31
Q

How many inbred mouse strains are there?

A

Over 100

32
Q

What is an advantage of using inbred strains in research?

A

They allow us to cancel out genetic noise due to meiotic crossovers.

MolCell Unit 2 (13 decks)

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