Menon 3 Flashcards
What graph estimates survival from lifetime data?
Kaplan Meier graph
True or False: Human testing (as opposed to mouse testing) gives association, not causality.
True
Polymorphic DNA markers such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) can be used to distinguish the __________________ of offspring chromosomes.
parental origin
_______ involves breeding an F1 mouse back to one of the parents.
Backcross
_______ involves breeding one F1 mouse to another F1 mouse.
F2 intercross
_______ is a location on a chromosome that is associated with a particular trait.
Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL)
Mice are good biological models because they allow researchers to control for environmental and genetic _______.
noise
What is the minimum requirement for a transgenic construct?
cDNA (coding)
What are some examples of quantitative traits?
Height, blood pressure, IQ, etc. (mentioned orally 10/8)
_______ is the process of replacing a normal gene with a mutant gene.
Gene Knockout (Gene Targeting)
What gene editing system is used to introduce mutations directly into the target site in embryonic stem (ES) cells?
CRISPR/Cas9
What does it mean when mouse (or another organism) breeding is “true”?
Based on inbreeding, the inherited maternal genome is the same as the inherited paternal genome (mentioned orally 10/8)
_______ are genetically identical mice that are used in research.
Inbred strains
Name three things that can be studied in mice but not humans.
Transgenics, knockouts, mutagenesis
The offspring of two distinct inbred lines are called _______ and are all identical.
F1
What is the term for the introduction of a foreign or altered gene?
Transgenic
What type of alleles are still present in a transgenic mouse?
Normal (endogenous)
What type of mouse allows for the study of the biological effects of a manipulated allele?
Knockout
Why are F1 gametes not homozygous (in terms of polymorphisms)?
Due to recombination/crossing over (mentioned orally 10/8)
What can be studied by using both the transgenic overexpression and knockout approaches?
Protein function/signaling pathways in embryology and physiology
Are Backcrosses used with mapping autosomal recessive traits or autosomal dominant traits?
Autosomal dominant (mentioned orally 10/8)
Protein function/signaling pathways in embryology and physiology
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
The transgenic construct is integrated into what part of the mouse?
Genome
What is the term for the interaction of multiple genes that can affect a trait, which needs to be considered in QTL mapping?
Epistasis
A Backcross is F1 crossed with _____.
P (parental line)
An intercross (F2) is F1 crossed with _______.
F1
True or False: An intercross is used to map autosomal recessive traits.
True
What method can be used to create intergenic suppressors of other genes?
Overexpressing inhibitory RNAs or proteins
What is MoI?
Multiplicity of Infection (amount of virus/bacteria needed to infect an organism; varies) (mentioned orally 10/8)
What type of expression can be studied in transgenic mice?
Constitutive and tissue specific expression
How many inbred mouse strains are there?
Over 100
What is an advantage of using inbred strains in research?
They allow us to cancel out genetic noise due to meiotic crossovers.
