Menon 1

Question 1

_____________ and ______________ are two ways to edit genomic DNA.

Answer 1

Recombination approaches, transfection of gene constructs into cells

Question 2

CRISPR stands for _____________

Answer 2

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat

Question 3

CRISPR is a short, partially palindromic repeated DNA sequence found in the genomes of bacteria as a defense against ______________ attack.

Answer 3

phage

Question 4

True or False: The DNA target for CRISPR must be unique and appear in only one location in the genome.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

The ______________ can bind on either strand of DNA, and Cas9 will cleave both strands.

Answer 5

sgRNA

Question 6

The double-strand break (DSB) caused by Cas9 results in the ______________ of that DNA sequence.

Answer 6

silencing

Question 7

Directing the specificity of dual-RNA:Cas9 with several different crRNAs allows for the introduction of ______________ at the same time.

Answer 7

multiple mutations

Question 8

There are ______________ distinct types of bacterial CRISPR systems identified so far.

Answer 8

three

Question 9

The Type II CRISPR system used in current genome engineering applications is from ______________.

Answer 9

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 10

Unmodified Cas9, or “version 1”, sometimes has ______________ effects.

Answer 10

off-target

Question 11

_____________ Cas9, or “version 2”, has fewer off-target effects.

Answer 11

Bi-partite

Question 12

______________ systems can change a single nucleotide sequence without a double-strand break.

Answer 12

Base editor

Question 13

_____________ can be used to create a stop codon, convert a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), repair a pathogenic mutation, and has high potential for gene therapy.

Answer 13

Base editing

Question 14

CRISPRi is a type of CRISPR-mediated ______________ repression.

Answer 14

transcriptional

Question 15

Unlike other CRISPR systems which target DNA, ______________ targets RNA.

Answer 15

CRISPRi

Question 16

______________ is an RNA-targeting CRISPR system.

Answer 16

CasRx

Question 17

Improving the specificity of Cas9 reduces ______________ effects.

Answer 17

off-target

Question 18

Besides CRISPR, what is another way to make precise changes to the DNA of live cells?

Answer 18

TALENs (Transcription activator-like effector nucleases)

Question 19

_____________ approaches can be used to study gene function in mice and yeast.

Answer 19

Recombination

Question 20

_____________ elements can be used for gene editing in Drosophila.

Answer 20

Transposable

Question 21

______________ is a type of viral vector that can be used for gene editing.

Answer 21

rAAV (recombinant adeno-associated virus)

Question 22

What does rAAV stand for?

Answer 22

Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus

Question 23

Besides knockout, what is another precise alteration that can be made to the genome?

Answer 23

Single base pair changes

Question 24

What is the name of the Cas9 enzyme variation that makes single-strand cuts in the DNA?

Answer 24

Cas9 Nickase

Question 25

What type of genetic alteration can be achieved with base editor systems?

Answer 25

Changing a single nucleotide sequence