Vessels- the vasculature Flashcards by Ben Young

what pumps the blood to the aorta into systemic circulation

left ventricle

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what is the order of the path of blood

largest vessels (aorta for oxygenated blood) to largest arteries to medium arteries all the way down to smallest arteriorles to capillaries

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what are the smallest blood vessels

systemic capillaries

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where is the exchange of molecules between the blood and the tissue found at

capillary and venules

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oxygen goes into _____
co2 is taken into the _______, blood is _____ and moves back o the right heart.
-what path does it take to get tere?

tissue beds
capillaries, deoxygenated
small venuoles, medium veins, large vein, vena cava then into right heart

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after the right heart where does the blood go to

lung

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what are the site of gas exchange at the lungs

pulmonary capillaries

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when the blood is oxygenated after going to the lungs, where does it go to get back to the heart

moves into the veins of the pulmonary system to go back to the heart

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veins =

arteries =

blood to heart

blood away from heart

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arteries in the lungs are not ____ yet, it goes into the lungs and is _____ when its a vein

oxygenated

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exception to the circuitry rule is….

portal systems

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capillary system in intestines that brings blood to the capillaries in the liver. what conects the 2

hepatic portal vein

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what is a portal system

vein or arteriole interposed btwn 2 capillary networks

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what is between capillaries in the kidney (glomerulus) and capillaries in vasa recta

renal efferent arteriole

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vessels have 3 different layers, waht are they

tunica intima (aka interna), tunica media, tunica adventitia (aka externa)

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elastic arteries are how big

> 1cm

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which layer in elastic arteries is thick and has connective tissue and simple squamous cells

intima

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which layer in elastic artiers is the thickest, fenestrated, concentric sheets elastin, collagen, some smooth muscle

media

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which layer in elastic arteries is thin. and has collagen, elastic, fibroblasts, vaso v, nervi vascularis

adventitia

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which 2 layers are difficult to distinguish

intima and media

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what is the blood vessel supply

vaso vasorum

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what is the size of muscular arteries

medium and small

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which layer has squamous epithelium

tunica intima

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which layer is a looser CT and has innervation of blood and nervous system in large arteries

tunica adventitia

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the internal elastic lamina is very prominent in what? and not so much in what?

medium artiers | large artieries

in small arteries, the tunica media has only ____ layer of smooth muscle

in muscular (medium) arteries, intima is...

thinner, endothelium with BM, dense wavy internal elastic membrane (IEM)

in muscular arteries, media is....

smooth muscle, some collagen

in muscular artiers, adventia looks

looks the same as elastic arteries

nuclei is a sign of...

smooth muscle

in the microvascular bed what are the size of these: arteriorles are... capilarries are.... postcapillary venules are...

large-barely able to fit RBCs through small-for RBCs to fit they need to fold medium-back to heart

capillaries have a ____layer endothelium and basement membrane - how many cells joined by tight junctions? - some w/ _____

single layer endothelium - 1-3 - pericytes (support cells on outside)

small arteries have how many layers of smooth muscle?

what do amet arteriorles do?

bypass channels

system to close capillary bed to conserve what? | open capillary bed to do what?

conserve heat | dissipate heat

what close or open the connections in amet arterioles? what control this?

connectoin between arterioles, venous, and sphincters close or open the connections. -homones control this, react to external temperature or other signals

T or F capillaries have smooth muscle

fk no

what are the 3 types of capillaries

continuous, fenestrated, discontinuous

which type of capillary is the most? - least leaky - no pores, occluding junctions, pericytes

continuous capillary

which type of capillary has pore bridged by diaphram, few/no pericytes and ______

fenestrated | fenestrations

what type of capillary is the leakiest - walls ________ - diameter large - no basement membrane

discontinuous | discontinous

where are the continous capillaries found

CNS, muscle, lung, retina, and iris.

where are fenestrated capillaries found?

in GI tract, kidney, choroid, endocrine, parts of ciliary

where are discontinuous capillaries found?

liver, spleen, and marrow

which capillaries have tight junctions joining the squamous cells or w/ one squamous cell

continuous and fenestrations

how many endothelial cells can capillaries have?

no mroe than 3

what are diaphragms?

fenestrations -one cell layer for molec to move across to the outside, cytoplasm is pushed to the side so the molecutes only need to move across the basement membrane

what is the choriocapillaris?

a fenestrated system behind RPE

arterial blood enters the eye through 4 sets of arterioroles. what are they

the central retinal artery (first branch of ophtalmic) long posterior ciliary artiers short posterior ciliary artiers anterior ciliary artiers

the central retinal artery goes into the ___ of the optic nerve and into the eye

dura

CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY - the central retinal artery leaves the _____ artery and runs above or below the _____ - enters the dura ____ mm behind the ear - passes through _______, enters disk _____ to center - how does it branch?

- opthalmic artery, optic nerve - 10mm - lamina cribosa, nasal - inf, sup, nasally, temporally

what is it called when there are no anastomoses (2 vessels from 2 diff systems) -no supply connecting to central supply

end arterial system

optic disc is what to fovea?

nasal

CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY 1. enters the _______ superior and inf branches ramify w/in retina 2. gives rise to 2 sets of capuillaries, what are tey

1. optic nerve 2. 1-superficial ganglion cell layer 2-deep layer at junction btwn INL and OPL of retina

retinal arterioles and venules share a common what? what does this cause?

tunica adventitia | causes A-V nicking-the artery compressing the vein

what are the photoreceptors nourished by?

choriocapillis bc CNA doesnt make it down there

LACRIMAL ARTERY - branch of what? - run forward along what? - supply what? - then branches continue anterior to supply what?

- ophthalmic - lateral rectus muscle - lacrimal gland - lids (lateral palbebral arteries only, medial are a branch of anterior ophthalmic)

SHORT POST CILIARY ARTERIES - arise as how many branches of ophthalmic artery? - then branch into how many? - enter sclera as a ring around what? - branches form what?

- 1-2, 10-20 - optic nerve - some form arterial network w/in choroidal stroma, others form circle of zinn, some go back to supply dura of opitc nerve

LPCA - how many? - run between what? - enter ciliary body and branch how? - anastomose w/ anterior ciliary artery to form what? -supplies what?

- 2 - sclera and choroid to anterior globe - supeiror and inferior - major arterial circle of iris (located in ciliary stroma near iris root) - ciliary body, anterior choroid, conjunctiva and iris

ANTERIOR CILIARY ARTERY -how many? branch from vessels supplying how many rectus muscles? -exit muscles, run along tendons, look inward to pierce ____ outisde the limbus -enter ______, anastomose w/ branches of LPCA to form major circle of iris

- 7 - 4 - sclera (before enters sclera branches to conjunctiva) - ciliary body

T of F: | the 7 ant ciliary artiers and the 2 LPCA meet anterior at the iris

FALSE. THEY FUCKING MEET NEARRRRRRR THE IRIS NOT AT IT!!!!!!!!!

the major circle of iris gives off 4 sets of blood vessels, what are they

1. radial vessels of the iris 2. anterior ciliary arterioles 3. post ciliary arterioles 4. recurrent arteriorles

what is the sole blood supply of the iris

radial vessel of the iris

what loops backward to supply the anteiror choroid

recurrent arterioles

what is the blood supply for the aqueous humor

ant ciliary arteriorles

what are the blood supply for the ciliary body

ant ciliary arterioles | post ciliary arterioles

cilioretinal artery: ____% of the populatoin -branch from what? -supplies what?

15-50% -choroid or circle of zinn to retina macula

what drains venous blood out of the iris

ant ciliary vein

what drains the remainder of the uvea

vortex veins

what is a closed system that drains venous blood out of the retina

central retinal vein

what is the blood supply of the bulbar conjunctiva?

anterior conjunctiva artery (medial) | post conjunctiva artery (peripheral)

the anterior conjunctiva artery branches from what? -provides vascular supply for what?

branch from ant ciliary artery that remains superficial in the conjunctiva -1-2mm of the conjunctiva just beyond the cornea

the post conjunctiva branches from what? provides vascular supply for the rest of whta?

- peripheral arterial arch of the eyelids | - rest of the bulbar conjunctiva