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Cell Biology > Vessels- the vasculature > Flashcards

Vessels- the vasculature Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what pumps the blood to the aorta into systemic circulation

A

left ventricle

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2
Q

what is the order of the path of blood

A

largest vessels (aorta for oxygenated blood) to largest arteries to medium arteries all the way down to smallest arteriorles to capillaries

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3
Q

what are the smallest blood vessels

A

systemic capillaries

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4
Q

where is the exchange of molecules between the blood and the tissue found at

A

capillary and venules

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5
Q

oxygen goes into _____
co2 is taken into the _______, blood is _____ and moves back o the right heart.
-what path does it take to get tere?

A

tissue beds
capillaries, deoxygenated
small venuoles, medium veins, large vein, vena cava then into right heart

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6
Q

after the right heart where does the blood go to

A

lung

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7
Q

what are the site of gas exchange at the lungs

A

pulmonary capillaries

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8
Q

when the blood is oxygenated after going to the lungs, where does it go to get back to the heart

A

moves into the veins of the pulmonary system to go back to the heart

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9
Q

veins =

arteries =

A

blood to heart

blood away from heart

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10
Q

arteries in the lungs are not ____ yet, it goes into the lungs and is _____ when its a vein

A

oxygenated

oxygenated

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11
Q

exception to the circuitry rule is….

A

portal systems

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12
Q

capillary system in intestines that brings blood to the capillaries in the liver. what conects the 2

A

hepatic portal vein

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13
Q

what is a portal system

A

vein or arteriole interposed btwn 2 capillary networks

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14
Q

what is between capillaries in the kidney (glomerulus) and capillaries in vasa recta

A

renal efferent arteriole

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15
Q

vessels have 3 different layers, waht are they

A

tunica intima (aka interna), tunica media, tunica adventitia (aka externa)

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16
Q

elastic arteries are how big

A

> 1cm

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17
Q

which layer in elastic arteries is thick and has connective tissue and simple squamous cells

A

intima

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18
Q

which layer in elastic artiers is the thickest, fenestrated, concentric sheets elastin, collagen, some smooth muscle

A

media

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19
Q

which layer in elastic arteries is thin. and has collagen, elastic, fibroblasts, vaso v, nervi vascularis

A

adventitia

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20
Q

which 2 layers are difficult to distinguish

A

intima and media

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21
Q

what is the blood vessel supply

A

vaso vasorum

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22
Q

what is the size of muscular arteries

A

medium and small

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23
Q

which layer has squamous epithelium

A

tunica intima

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24
Q

which layer is a looser CT and has innervation of blood and nervous system in large arteries

A

tunica adventitia

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25
Q

the internal elastic lamina is very prominent in what? and not so much in what?

A

medium artiers

large artieries

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26
Q

in small arteries, the tunica media has only ____ layer of smooth muscle

A

1

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27
Q

in muscular (medium) arteries, intima is…

A

thinner, endothelium with BM, dense wavy internal elastic membrane (IEM)

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28
Q

in muscular arteries, media is….

A

smooth muscle, some collagen

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29
Q

in muscular artiers, adventia looks

A

looks the same as elastic arteries

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30
Q

nuclei is a sign of…

A

smooth muscle

31
Q

in the microvascular bed what are the size of these:
arteriorles are…
capilarries are….
postcapillary venules are…

A

large-barely able to fit RBCs through
small-for RBCs to fit they need to fold
medium-back to heart

32
Q

capillaries have a ____layer endothelium and basement membrane

  • how many cells joined by tight junctions?
  • some w/ _____
A

single layer endothelium

  • 1-3
  • pericytes (support cells on outside)
33
Q

small arteries have how many layers of smooth muscle?

A

4

34
Q

what do amet arteriorles do?

A

bypass channels

35
Q

system to close capillary bed to conserve what?

open capillary bed to do what?

A

conserve heat

dissipate heat

36
Q

what close or open the connections in amet arterioles? what control this?

A

connectoin between arterioles, venous, and sphincters close or open the connections.
-homones control this, react to external temperature or other signals

37
Q

T or F capillaries have smooth muscle

A

fk no

38
Q

what are the 3 types of capillaries

A

continuous, fenestrated, discontinuous

39
Q

which type of capillary is the most?

  • least leaky
  • no pores, occluding junctions, pericytes
A

continuous capillary

40
Q

which type of capillary has pore bridged by diaphram, few/no pericytes and ______

A

fenestrated

fenestrations

41
Q

what type of capillary is the leakiest

  • walls ________
  • diameter large
  • no basement membrane
A

discontinuous

discontinous

42
Q

where are the continous capillaries found

A

CNS, muscle, lung, retina, and iris.

43
Q

where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A

in GI tract, kidney, choroid, endocrine, parts of ciliary

44
Q

where are discontinuous capillaries found?

A

liver, spleen, and marrow

45
Q

which capillaries have tight junctions joining the squamous cells or w/ one squamous cell

A

continuous and fenestrations

46
Q

how many endothelial cells can capillaries have?

A

no mroe than 3

47
Q

what are diaphragms?

A

fenestrations
-one cell layer for molec to move across to the outside, cytoplasm is pushed to the side so the molecutes only need to move across the basement membrane

48
Q

what is the choriocapillaris?

A

a fenestrated system behind RPE

49
Q

arterial blood enters the eye through 4 sets of arterioroles. what are they

A

the central retinal artery (first branch of ophtalmic)
long posterior ciliary artiers
short posterior ciliary artiers
anterior ciliary artiers

50
Q

the central retinal artery goes into the ___ of the optic nerve and into the eye

A

dura

51
Q

CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY

  • the central retinal artery leaves the _____ artery and runs above or below the _____
  • enters the dura ____ mm behind the ear
  • passes through _______, enters disk _____ to center
  • how does it branch?
A
  • opthalmic artery, optic nerve
  • 10mm
  • lamina cribosa, nasal
  • inf, sup, nasally, temporally
52
Q

what is it called when there are no anastomoses (2 vessels from 2 diff systems)
-no supply connecting to central supply

A

end arterial system

53
Q

optic disc is what to fovea?

A

nasal

54
Q

CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY

  1. enters the _______ superior and inf branches ramify w/in retina
  2. gives rise to 2 sets of capuillaries, what are tey
A
  1. optic nerve
  2. 1-superficial ganglion cell layer
    2-deep layer at junction btwn INL and OPL of retina
55
Q

retinal arterioles and venules share a common what? what does this cause?

A

tunica adventitia

causes A-V nicking-the artery compressing the vein

56
Q

what are the photoreceptors nourished by?

A

choriocapillis bc CNA doesnt make it down there

57
Q

LACRIMAL ARTERY

  • branch of what?
  • run forward along what?
  • supply what?
  • then branches continue anterior to supply what?
A
  • ophthalmic
  • lateral rectus muscle
  • lacrimal gland
  • lids (lateral palbebral arteries only, medial are a branch of anterior ophthalmic)
58
Q

SHORT POST CILIARY ARTERIES

  • arise as how many branches of ophthalmic artery?
  • then branch into how many?
  • enter sclera as a ring around what?
  • branches form what?
A
  • 1-2, 10-20
  • optic nerve
  • some form arterial network w/in choroidal stroma, others form circle of zinn, some go back to supply dura of opitc nerve
59
Q

LPCA

  • how many?
  • run between what?
  • enter ciliary body and branch how?
  • anastomose w/ anterior ciliary artery to form what? -supplies what?
A
  • 2
  • sclera and choroid to anterior globe
  • supeiror and inferior
  • major arterial circle of iris (located in ciliary stroma near iris root)
  • ciliary body, anterior choroid, conjunctiva and iris
60
Q

ANTERIOR CILIARY ARTERY
-how many?
branch from vessels supplying how many rectus muscles?
-exit muscles, run along tendons, look inward to pierce ____ outisde the limbus
-enter ______, anastomose w/ branches of LPCA to form major circle of iris

A
  • 7
  • 4
  • sclera (before enters sclera branches to conjunctiva)
  • ciliary body
61
Q

T of F:

the 7 ant ciliary artiers and the 2 LPCA meet anterior at the iris

A

FALSE. THEY FUCKING MEET NEARRRRRRR THE IRIS NOT AT IT!!!!!!!!!

62
Q

the major circle of iris gives off 4 sets of blood vessels, what are they

A
  1. radial vessels of the iris
  2. anterior ciliary arterioles
  3. post ciliary arterioles
  4. recurrent arteriorles
63
Q

what is the sole blood supply of the iris

A

radial vessel of the iris

64
Q

what loops backward to supply the anteiror choroid

A

recurrent arterioles

65
Q

what is the blood supply for the aqueous humor

A

ant ciliary arteriorles

66
Q

what are the blood supply for the ciliary body

A

ant ciliary arterioles

post ciliary arterioles

67
Q

cilioretinal artery:
____% of the populatoin
-branch from what?
-supplies what?

A

15-50%
-choroid or circle of zinn to retina
macula

68
Q

what drains venous blood out of the iris

A

ant ciliary vein

69
Q

what drains the remainder of the uvea

A

vortex veins

70
Q

what is a closed system that drains venous blood out of the retina

A

central retinal vein

71
Q

what is the blood supply of the bulbar conjunctiva?

A

anterior conjunctiva artery (medial)

post conjunctiva artery (peripheral)

72
Q

the anterior conjunctiva artery branches from what? -provides vascular supply for what?

A

branch from ant ciliary artery that remains superficial in the conjunctiva
-1-2mm of the conjunctiva just beyond the cornea

73
Q

the post conjunctiva branches from what? provides vascular supply for the rest of whta?

A
  • peripheral arterial arch of the eyelids

- rest of the bulbar conjunctiva

Cell Biology (15 decks)

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