Liver

Question 1

The liver is the _____ largest organ in the body

Answer 1

second

Question 2

What is the functional unit of the liver?

Answer 2

hepatocyte

Question 3

What are the functions of the liver?

Answer 3

1. Nutrient processing
2. Storage
3. Neutralize toxins
4. Make plasma proteins like albumin

Question 4

What are the components of the liver lobule?

Answer 4

1. Central vein
2. Portal triad
3. Sinusoids
4. Bile canaliculus
5. Space of Disse
6. Sublobular vein
7. Kupffer cell
8. Ito/Fat-storing cell

Question 5

in the liver, when the blood flows from the periphery to the center, it first encounters the _____ cells, which store ______, before it encounters the ______ cells

Answer 5

Perilobular cells - store glycogen

Centrolobular cells

Question 6

in the liver, when the blood flows from the center to the periphery, __% of the blood supply, ____ rich, is in the Hepatic artery while __% is in the portal vein, ____ rich.

Answer 6

20% in hepatic artery - oxygen rich

80% in portal vein - nutrient rich

Question 7

The biles ductule are made of _____ ____ cells and are found at the _____ of the lobule

Answer 7

simple cuboid cells

periphery of lobule

Question 8

Where are the bile and hepatic ducts

Answer 8

in the portal spaces

Question 9

What are sinusoids?

Answer 9

liver capillaries

Question 10

Sinusoids:

1. ________ capillaries
2. Located between _______
3. ______ lining - simple squamous cells

Answer 10

1. discontinuous
2. between hepatic plates
3. Endothelial lining

Question 11

Bile canaliculus:

1. Formed by ________ of cells
2. _____ domain

Answer 11

1. formed by plasma membranes

2. APICAL domain

Question 12

Space os Disse is the space between ___ and ___.

______ domain

Answer 12

between cell and capillary

BASOLATERAL domain

Question 13

Blood exits from the central vein through the _____

Answer 13

sublobular vein

Question 14

The Kupffer cell is a specialized _______

Answer 14

monocyte (macrophage)

Question 15

Kupffer cell:

1. Located in ______
2. Metabolize aged _____
3. Digest ______
4. Secrete ________ proteins
5. Destroy bacteria

Answer 15

1. in sinusoids
2. Metabolize RBC’s
3. Digest hemoglobin
4. Secrete immune response proteins
5. Destroy bacteria

Question 16

Where is the Ito/Fat-storing cell?

Function? 3

Answer 16

Space of Disse

1. Fat storage
2. Retinoid synthesis
3. Vitamin A metabolism

Question 17

In regards to the liver, what are the stages of alcoholism?

Answer 17

1. Fatty liver
2. Steatohepatitis
3. Cirrhosis
4. Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 18

the liver is the site of alcohol _____ which oxidize _____

Answer 18

alcohol dehydrogenase
oxidize ethanol (EtOH)

Question 19

In what stage of alcoholism do you see inflammation?

Answer 19

Steatohepatitis

Question 20

In what stage of alcoholism do you see collagen proliferation int he Space of Disse?

Answer 20

Cirrhosis

Question 21

What does the Gall Bladder do?

Answer 21

NEENGNEENGNEENGNEGNENGENNGN (jk)

1. Stores, concentrates and releases bile

Question 22

Gall bladder:

1. ____ shaped
2. Connected to _____ duct, which connects to the ______ duct into the duodenum

Answer 22

1. pear shaped

2. cystic duct -> common hepatic duct -> duodenum

Question 23

What are the tissue layers of the gall bladder?

Answer 23

1. Mucosa
2. Muscularis
3. Adventitia / Serosa

Question 24

What controls the opening into gallbladder?

Answer 24

Spiral valve of Heister

Question 25

The bile duct in the gallbladder joins the ______ duct at _____

Answer 25

bile duct join pancreatic duct at ampulla

Question 26

What moves bile into the cystic duct?

Answer 26

Contractions of smooth muscle of the gall bladder