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Cell Biology > Systems Histology > Flashcards

Systems Histology Flashcards

1
Q

The bladder consist of a ________ epithelium. Surface cells are ____ shaped

A

transitional

cells dome shaped

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2
Q

What does the Renal system do? 4

A
  1. Eliminate waste
  2. Regulate water balance
  3. Filter blood
  4. Regulate chemical composition of blood
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3
Q

What part of the renal system contains the portal system?

A

renal vein

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4
Q

The Interlobar artery is the _____ branch. Goes between ______.

A

1st branch.

Goes between pyramids

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5
Q

The Arcuate arter is the _____ branch

A

second

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6
Q

The Interlobular artery is the _____ branch. Feed individual glomeruli via __________

A

third

feed glomeruli via afferent arterioles

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7
Q

What is the functional unity of the kidney?

A

nephron

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8
Q

Where is the glomeruli located?

A

Renal cortex

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9
Q

What is the renal capsule composed of?

A

Collagenous CT

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10
Q

The renal pyramid consists of what three structures?

A
  1. Outer medulla
  2. Inner medulla
  3. Renal papilla
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11
Q

The renal medulla contain ____ that drain filtrate from blood into ____

A

tubules drain filtrate into calyx

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12
Q

What is the calyx?

A

Areas of drainage that fuse into renal ureter

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13
Q

The minor calyx is the ____ collection area of urine while the major calyx is the _____ collection area.

A

minor calyx - 1st

major calyx - 2nd

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14
Q

The Glomerulus is composed of ____ cells and _______. Receives blood from _____ arteriole and leaves by ______ arteriole. Filters into _____

A

endothelial cells and podocytes
Receive from afferent arteriole
Blood leaves by efferent arteriole
Filters into Bowman’s capsule

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15
Q

What do podocytes do?

A
  1. wrap around each individual renal capillary

2. create filtration barrier in Glomerulus

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16
Q

Bowman’s capsule is a hollow ball made of _____ _____ _______ with a tubule outlet made of _____ ____ ______

A

Bowman’s capsule - simple squamous epithelium

tubule outlet - simple cuboid epithelium

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17
Q

What are the 4 important Bowman’s capsule developmental areas? 4

A
  1. Vascular pole - blood enters / exits
  2. Urinary pole - where urine goes into tubules
  3. Parietal layer - outer tissue
  4. Inner visceral layer - inner tissue
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18
Q

What comprises the Juxtaglomerular complex?

A
  1. Macula densa
  2. Juxtaglomerular cell
  3. Extra / Intraglomerular cells
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19
Q

Macula densa:

  1. Senses ___ concentration
  2. In ______ tubules, at _____ pole
  3. _____ and _____ cells
A
  1. Sodium
  2. In distal tubules, at vascular pole
  3. simple cuboid and columnar cells
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20
Q

Juxtaglomerular cell:

  1. Modified ____ ____ cells
  2. Sense _______
  3. Regulates release of _____
  4. Located in wall of ____ arterioles
A
  1. Modified smooth muscle cells
  2. blood pressure
  3. renin (vasoconstriction)
  4. afferent arterioles
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21
Q

Extra / Intraglomerular cells are _____. Intra also secretes ____ molecules

A

macrophages

intra - signal molecules

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22
Q

filtration barrier of kidney:

  1. ______ of fenestrated capillaries
  2. Podocyte ____ ______
A
  1. endothelium

2. podocyte filtration slits

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23
Q

Name structures from nasal mucosa to alveoli

A

Nasal mucosa -> nasopharynx -> oropharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> extrapulmonary bronchus -> intrapulmonary bronchus -> bronchioles -> alveoli

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24
Q

Nasal mucosa is made of ____ ____ ____ ____ cells

A

Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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25
What are the two layers of the nasal mucosa as well as their functions?
1. Mucosa - Basal support cells. Olfactory cells. Duct of Bowman gland. Lamina propria. 2. Submucosa - CT in Bowman gland. Olfactory fila (receptors).
26
What are the four aspects of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?
1. Trachea 2. Bronchial tree 3. Bronchioles 4. Terminal branches
27
What are the layers of the Trachea?
1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Cartilage 4. Adventitia
28
The cartilage in the trachea is made of ____ cartilage
hyaline
29
The primary (or _______) bronchiole is the same tissue as the trachea except much ______
extrapulmonary | much thinner than trachea
30
Terminal bronchioles consist of ____ ____ cells with _____ cells
simple cuboidal | Clara cells
31
Clara cells: 1. _______ granules: secrete _____ 2. Non-ciliated 3. ______ shaped 4. Lots of ____ ___
1. Secretory granules - surfactant 2. non-ciliated 3. dome shaped 4. Rough ER
32
What are the two parts of the respiratory zone?
1. respiratory bronchioles | 2. alveolar sacs
33
Respiratory bronchioles empty into _____
alveoli
34
What are the types of cells in the alveolar sacs?
1. Type I pneumocyte 2. Type II pneumocyte 3. Alveolar Macrophage
35
Type I pneumocyte: 1. Innermost part of ______ 2. __% of surface area 3. _____ _____ cells
1. alveolus 2. 95% of surface area 3. Simple squamous
36
Type II pneumocyte: 1. __% of surface area 2. _____ ____ cells 3. ______ bodies 4. Synthesize _____ 5. Reduces _______
1. 5% of surface area 2. simple squamous 3. lamellar bodies 4. surfactant 5. surface tension
37
The alveolar macrophage is also known as a ____ cell and does what?
Dust cell | Monocytes that clean up debris
38
The lumen of the alveolar sacs is where what happens?
Oxygen moves accross the barrier and binds to hemoglobin
39
What is Emphysema?
Loss of elasticity of respiratory tissue. Enlargement of alveolar airspaces. Terminal.
40
___% of emphysema cases are smokers
95%
41
Medullary collecting ducts are surrounded by _______
loops of henle
42
What are the tissues layers of the digestive system?
from inner to outer: 1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis 4. Serosa/Adventitia
43
Mucosa of digestive system: 1. ____ ____ ____ cells 2. Lines _____ 3. Dense CT - ___ ____ 4. _____ - 2/3 layers of smooth muscle
1. simple columnar epithelium 2. lumen 3. Dense CT - lamina propria 4. muscularis
44
Submucosa of digestive system: 1. ____ CT 2. Contain _____ ____ 3. Submucosal _____
1. dense ct 2. Brunner glands (duodenum) 3. Sbmucosal plexus
45
Lamina propria of Mucosa layer of digestive system: 1. highly _______ 2. nutrients absorbed into ___
1. highly vascular | 2. villi
46
What are lacteals?
systems of capillaries and lymphatic where major absorption occurs from lumen across epithelial into capillary network
47
The muscularis of mucosa layer of digestive system: 1. _______ muscle 2. _______ muscle 3. Contain _______
1. longitudinal muscle 2. circular muscle 3. myenteric plexus
48
Serosa / Adventitia is _____ CT
loose CT
49
Does absorption occur in the esophagus?
Nooooo
50
Esophagus: 1. ____ tube 2. Lined by ____ ____ _____ ____ cells 3. end at ____
1. 25 cm 2. stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium 3. ends at cardia
51
What are the two muscle layers of the esophagus?
Inner - circular | outer - longitudinal
52
What are the regions of the stomach? 4
1. Cardia - esophagus stomach junction 2. Fundus - invagination on top of stomach 3. Body 4. Pylorus - distal part that connects to duodenum
53
Tissue transitions to ____ ____ at the esophago-gastric junction
columnar epithelium
54
Gastric Ruggae - folds that allow the stomach to ______ | Gastric pits - _____ of the stomach
Gastric Ruggae - allow stomach to *expand* | Gastric pits - glands
55
Parietal cells of the gastric pits synthesize and secrete _____
HCl
56
Is there villi in the large intestine?
FUCK NO VILLI IN DERrrr
57
What are the segments of the small intestine?
1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ilium
58
Duodenum contain ______ glands which are ____ and ____ glands found in the ______
Brunners Glands serous and mucous in Submucosa
59
What increase surface area for absorptions in the Jejunum? Become more prominent as you move from _____ to _____. Contain _____
Plicae circulares - transverse folds more prominent as you go proximal to distal villi
60
What is important about the Ilium?
peyers patches/Galt - aggregated WBC's for first line of defense
61
Intestinal glands, also known as __________, are located in the _____ and contain ____ cells, which secrete _______
Crypts of Lieberkuhn lamina propria Paneth cells - digestive enzymes
62
Regeneration of epithelial lining of the stomach is _____ while regeneration of the epithelial lining of the intestine is ______
stomach - bidirectional | intestine - unidirectional
63
The large intestine contains large amounts of ____ and ______
goblet cells | intestinal glands
64
What are the cell types of the large intestine?
1. Absorptive cell - water 2. Goblet cell - mucin 3. Regenerative - epithelium 4. Endocrine
65
__-__% of malignant tumors of GI tract from _____ cells
90-95% | epithelial cells
66
What is the 2nd most cause of cancer in the US?
Adenocarcinomas - large intestine tumors usually from glandular epithelium

Cell Biology (15 decks)

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