Vessels And Circulation Flashcards
What are the three times of vessels?
1) Anastomosis
2) End arteries
3) companion vessels
What is a anastomosis?
Two vessels that serve the same area
What are end vessels?
Vessels that come to an end (they do not form anastomosis)
What is an example of an end ateries?
A renal artery
What is a companion vessel?
Vessels which run to the same area
What are the 4 types of vessels?
1) lumen
2) tunica intima
3) tunica media
4) tunica externa
What are lumens?
The open space within the vessels
What is the tunic?
The walls of vessels
What is the tunica intima?
The inner layer with endothelium tissue
What is the tunica media?
The middle muscle layer
What is tunica media involved with?
- vasoconstriction
- vasodilation
What is the tunica externa?
The outer layer with connective tissue
What are the 3 types of arteries?
1) elastic
2) muscular
3) arterioles
Where are the elastic arteries?
They are close to the heart
What do elastic arteries do after they expand?
They recoil back to the original shape
What are 2 examples of elastic arteries?
The aorta, and the pulmonary arteries
What are muscular arteries?
Typical arteries
What are arterioles?
The smallest of the arteries right before the capillary
What are the 3 types of capillaries?
1) continuous capillaries
2) fenestrated capillaries
3) sinusoids
What are continuous capillaries?
The most common capillaries filled with interstitial fluid
What are fenestrated capillaries used for?
Fluid transportation between blood and tissues
Where are fenestrated capillaries found?
In the intestines, endocrine glands, and kidneys
What are sinusoids?
They are wider and full of holes
What do sinusoids allow for?
The allow for transport of materials
Where are sinusoids found?
Found in the spleen, anterior pituitary, liver, and bone marrow
What are the 4 types of veins?
1) veins
2) venule
3) one way valve
4) varicose veins
Do veins have high pressure or low pressure?
They have low pressure
What are venule?
The smallest type of veins right next to the capillaries
Where are the one way values found?
They are only found in veins
What is the function of the one way valves?
They allow blood only to flow in one direction
What do one way valves have?
They have tunica intima
What are varicose veins?
When failure of the one way valves happens and allows for build up (backflow) of blood
What are the 7 parts of the ascending aorta?
1) right coronary artery
2) left coronary artery
3) brachiocephalic trunk
4) right common carotid artery
5) right subclavian artery
6) left common carotid artery
7) left subclavian artery
What do the left/right coronary arteries do?
They send blood to the heart itself
Where do the left/right coronary arteries branch off?
They branch off at the ascending aorta
Where does the right common carotid artery supply blood to?
The right side of the head and neck
Where does the right subclavian artery supply blood to?
The right arm and thoracic region
Where does the left common carotid artery supply blood to?
The left side of the head and neck
Where does the left subclavian artery supply blood to?
The left arm and thoracic region
What do the right/left common carotid arteries split into?
The external and internal carotid arteries
What do the external carotid arteries feed into?
It feeds into the external skull
What does the external carotid arteries branches into?
They branch into the superficial temporal artery
What does the internal carotid arteries feed into?
They feed into the internal skull
What does the carotid sinus have?
Baroreceptors
What are the barorecptors
The area where the external and internal split
What do the vertebral arteries travel through?
The left and right vertebral arteries travel up the transverse foraminae of cervical vertebrae and through the foramen magnum to bring blood to the brain
What is the basilar artery?
The merging of the vertebral arteries
What is the circle of Willis and where does it get blood from?
1) R&L vertebral arteries
2) R&L internal carotid arteries
3) Basilar artery
It gets blood from the vertebral arteries and internal carotid arteries
What are the three thoracic organs?
1) lungs
2) esophagus
3) diaphragm
What are the bronchial arteries filled with?
Oxygenated blood to the lungs themselves
What do esophageal arteries supply blood too?
It supplies oxygenated blood to the esophagus
What artery supplies blood to the abdominal portion of esophagus?
The left gastric artery
What does the superior phrenic arteries arise from?
The descending thoracic aorta
What do the musculophrenic arteries arise from?
The subclavian arteries
What does the inferior phrenic arteries arise from?
The descending abdominal aorta
What three arteries supply the GI tract?
1) celiac artery
2) superior mesenteric artery
3) inferior mesenteric artery
